What are the long term effects of 'Academic Scams' compared to 'Financial Scams' in the growth and development of a Nation? Edit

A very small percentage of population either knows or understands 'Academic Scams'. There are many types of 'Academic Scams', such as bogus degrees, bogus publications, bogus awards, etc. It is very difficult to detect 'Academic Scams'. After UGC and AICTE (All India Council of Technical Education) made PhD degree mandatory for the post of Associate Professor / Professor, there is a mad rush by faculty members to acquire PhD degree by any means. This has resulted in PhDs being mass produced.

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