Dear Brahim,

Conductivity is typically below 500 µS/cm for drinking water, and pH should range from 6.5 to 8.5. Hardness, expressed in mg/L of calcium carbonate, categorizes water as soft (0-60 mg/L), moderately hard (61-120 mg/L), hard (121-180 mg/L), or very hard (>180 mg/L). Industrial water conductivity varies by application. Environmental water pH ranges from 6 to 8.5. Specific standards depend on regional regulations.

Dear Brahim,

In the water treatment process that you mentioned, specific water quality parameters must be considered at each stage. For tap water, guidelines recommend a conductivity below 500 µS/cm, a pH range of 6.5 to 8.5, and a hardness classification based on calcium carbonate content. After the Softener, conductivity and hardness should notably decrease, with pH potentially remaining within the tap water range. The addition of filters further reduces conductivity and hardness, maintaining an acceptable pH range. Water after Reverse Osmosis should have very low conductivity, a slightly acidic to neutral pH, and virtually no hardness, indicating effective impurity removal. It is essential to recognize that these are general recommendations, and standards may vary by region. For precise values, consulting local regulations and guidelines from organizations like WHO or EPA, and recommendations from equipment manufacturers is advisable. Additionally, I recommend regular water quality testing to ensure compliance and suitability for the intended use.

Best,

Behnam

Dear Behnam,

Thank you for your answer and clarifications. If you could provide some references about this and about pH/hardness of the four steps I will be very grateful. I am looking especially for references and/or standards. I live in Morocco.

Thank you.

Dear Brahim,

I am pleased that my note could be useful.

In response to your inquiry about water treatment, pH, and hardness, I recommend consulting reputable sources and adhering to local standards, especially in Morocco. The World Health Organization (WHO) provides comprehensive water quality guidelines, including information on pH and hardness.

https://www.who.int/

The American Public Health Association (APHA) publishes the widely used "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater," offering insights into pH and hardness measurements.

For international standards, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) develops water-related standards. Explore their guidelines on the ISO website. Locally, it is crucial to consider Moroccan standards and regulations. Check with environmental agencies, water authorities, or health departments for specific guidelines applicable to your region.

Additionally, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States offers guidelines and standards for water quality, which may provide useful insights.

https://www.epa.gov/

If you have further inquiries or need assistance, feel free to reach out.

Best,

Behnam

Dear Behnam,

Thank you for your interaction with my question. I appreciate your replies.

Best regards.

After reverse osmosis,for drinking purpose, TDS lies from 20 to 200 .mg/lit. igeneral it is usaly keep 150 mg/lit. for normal use tap water should be below 150 mg/lit.

Dear Virendra

It's for production unit not for drinking water

I need specific parameters numerical values after osmosis.

in many production units , TDS affte reverse osmosis should not be varied 20 mg/ lit. Thus specific conductivity, TH will be automatically lower side and pH 6.5- 6.6.9. However these parameters very much depends on type of production units. usually permesable limits are recommended.

Dear Virendra

Thank you for your clarifications.

Best regards.