How about treating ATES as thermal pollutant to the groundwater? What groundwater temperature level can be reached legally and what are the methods to obtain that?
The first reason might be the conduction of thermal energy from water pipes in which the water temperature is about 60 to 70° C. The second reason might be a frictional temperature increase due to the natural filtration processes of groundwater in the aquifer in the vicinity of the well. The temperature might be further increased to a certain degree by intensive steady pumping.
You have to isolate sections of the pipes which need insulating thermally and suggested drilling more wells but with lower pumping capacity to reduce higher groundwater temperatures caused by the increased frictional effect as a result of a higher filtration rate in a depression cone around a well.
Regards
I am not sure about the legal limits, but there will be a microbiological effect on the groundwater, as well as the potential for pollution brought about by installing the system. This wmay have a knock on effect for water treatment.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21902032/
https://www.iftechnology.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Hartog-et-al-2013-Field-assessment-of-the-impacts-of-Aquifer-Thermal-Energy-Storage-ATES-systems-on-chemical-and-microbial-groundwater-composition.pdf
Temperature seems to be much concerned. Do you think that the environmental impact of ATES is well known? What are the other environmental risk of thermal energy storage than mentioned above by Bachir Achour and John Machell ?
Links to useful articles Elzbieta
Article Environmental impacts of aquifer thermal energy storage inve...
https://www.jstor.org/stable/26268838?seq=1
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