• د. وجيهه موسى، "الإرشاد الزراعي: تعريفات ومبادئ"، كلية الزراعة، جامعة البصرة رابط المصدر: https://faculty.uobasrah.edu.iq/uploads/teaching/1652728113.pdf1
• محاضرات الإرشاد الزراعي، كلية الزراعة، جامعة ديالى رابط المصدر: https://www.agriculture.uodiyala.edu.iq/uploads/pdf/Lecture%20Ba/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86.pdf2
• مقال "إرشاد زراعي" في ويكيبيديا العربية رابط المصدر: https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A3
• وثيقة "الارشاد الزراعي" كلية الزراعة، جامعة كربلاء رابط المصدر: https://agriculture.uokerbala.edu.iq/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/images_banners_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A.docx4
• محاضرات "مبادئ الإرشاد الزراعي"، كلية الزراعة والغابات، جامعة الموصل رابط المصدر: https://uomosul.edu.iq/agriculture/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2023/09/%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A6-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF.pdf5
• وثيقة "الإرشاد الزراعي" كلية الزراعة، جامعة بنها رابط المصدر: https://fagr.bu.edu.eg/images/namazeg/2-2016/4/Agricultural%20Extension2.doc6
• تعريف الإرشاد الزراعي في الموسوعة العربية رابط المصدر: https://mail.arab-ency.com.sy/details/3807
• بحث "طرق الاتصال في الإرشاد الزراعي"، جامعة الأنبار رابط المصدر: https://www.uoanbar.edu.iq/eStoreImages/Bank/17971.pdf8

Agricultural extension is the dissemination of agricultural knowledge,skills and technical know how majorly to rural areas, it can be private owned or controlled by the government.

The concept of agricultural extension has evolved significantly in recent years, moving beyond the traditional model of simply transferring knowledge from scientists to farmers. The latest definitions and concepts incorporate participatory approaches, digital tools, sustainability and systems thinking. Here are some of the latest and widely accepted concepts or definitions of agricultural extension:

1. Agricultural extension is a system that facilitates the access of farmers, their organizations and other market actors to knowledge, information and technologies; facilitates their interaction with partners in research, education, agri-business and other relevant institutions and assists them to develop their own technical, organizational and managerial skills and practices.

2. Extension is the entire set of organizations that support and facilitate people engaged in agricultural production to solve problems and to obtain information, skills, and technologies to improve their livelihoods.

3. A digitally enabled, interactive advisory system that uses ICT tools to deliver timely, customized and actionable agricultural information to farmers and stakeholders in real time.

4. An advisory approach that integrates climate change adaptation, mitigation and risk reduction into agricultural extension systems to ensure sustainable food production.

5. Extension that emphasizes farmers as co-creators of knowledge rather than passive recipients, encouraging local innovation, collaboration and decision making.