Repetitive opiate drug usage results in physical dependence which is approved by the appearance of withdrawal symptoms. withdrawal symptoms are dividing into two groups; Checked and Graded signs.
I would really appreciate it if I get guidance related to this issue.
Another issue is what are the pros and cons of using this kind of assessment?
There is the COWs measurement tool which is quite detailed. here is a link:
https://www.drugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/ClinicalOpiateWithdrawalScale.pdf
there are some validations for it in different cultures and languages but it is still a clinician-delivered observation questionnaire. Improvements suggested would be using bio-feedback technology rather than clinician observations. It also does not take into account the patient's experience of withdrawal and the anxieties that symptoms create. As with most checklists, there is a danger that the clinician relies on the tool and does not engage their brain or the patient! See Webb (2011) Tools for the Job Article Tools for the job: Why relying on risk assessment tools is s...
Lucy Webb Thanks for your attention. Is this kind of assessment usually done for morphine-addicted rats?
Hi Mahgol
I don't know about animal modelling unfortunately, but can't find any validated tool for this. You need a more behavioural approach unless taking physiological measures. Try Pinelli and Trivulzio to give you an idea of how to use a behavioural approach : Article Quantitative evaluation of opioid withdrawal signs in rats r...
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