There are several pathogenic bacteria/ fungus acquired already or are in the process of acquiring drug resistance against antibiotics/anti-fungal drugs available. My question is that, what are those factors/components which communicate/ interface to these bacteria / fungi (intracellular/ extracellular) for developing resistance against the drugs used to combat them?.
Up to what level we got success in this concern or still we are looking ahead?
Please look into molecular evolution of resistance in genes via mutations and also lateral gene transfer.
Three component system, toxin-antitoxins and quorum sensing systems are few of the potential routes that confer antibiotic resistance in pathogens. Besides that biofilm forming ability make the matter worse.
You may see this article for more information: Article Evolution of Resistance to Quorum-Sensing Inhibitors
They possess 1. enzymes that work on the active side of antibiotics, or 2.Transposable element like transposons in addition of mutation of microorganisms.
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