Liquid fuels have a variety of environmental impacts, depending on their source, production, distribution, and use. Some of the common environmental impacts of liquid fuels include:

• Greenhouse gas emissions: Liquid fuels emit carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) when they are burned for energy. These emissions contribute to global warming and climate change.
• Air pollution: Liquid fuels also produce various air pollutants when they are burned for energy. These pollutants include carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM), and unburned hydrocarbons (HC). These pollutants can harm human health and the environment.
• Water pollution: Liquid fuels can also cause water pollution when they are spilled or leaked during their production, distribution, or use. Liquid fuel spills can contaminate surface water and groundwater sources.

Renewable liquid fuels can have lower environmental impacts than fossil fuels, but they are not without their own challenges. For example, some renewable liquid fuels may require intensive land use or fertilizer use, which can lead to greenhouse gas emissions and water pollution.

Hydropower is the biggest source of renewable energy in the world It accounted for about 16% of the world’s total electricity production in 2019, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA), and 69% of all renewable electricity, but it also has some environmental impacts, such as disrupting river ecosystems and displacing local communities.

Other sources of renewable energy that are important for electricity production around the world include wind power, solar power, biomass power, geothermal power, and tidal power. These sources of renewable energy have different advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost, availability, intermittency, scalability, and environmental impacts.

Dr Moiching Ahamed thank you for your contribution to the discussion

All energy sources have some impact on our environment. Fossil fuels coal, oil, and natural gas do substantially more harm than renewable energy sources by most measures, including air and water pollution, damage to public health, wildlife and habitat loss, water use, land use, and global warming emissions. Hydropower reservoirs often have multiple uses - providing drinking water, water for irrigation, flood and drought control, navigation services, as well as energy supply. Hydropower currently is the largest source of renewable energy in the electricity sector. Electricity from renewable energy sources produces between 90-99% less greenhouse gases (GHGs) compared with coal-fired plants and causes 70-90% less pollution. Focusing on renewable energy sources other than fossil fuels and coals might help in avoiding environmental impacts, specifically from air pollution and GHGs. When fossil fuels are burned, they release large amounts of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, into the air. Greenhouse gases trap heat in our atmosphere, causing global warming. Already the average global temperature has increased by 1C.