Graphene-based membranes have the potentials to become the preferred candidates to next-generation membranes coupling high permeability to high selectivity. However, it is not expected that the uptake of graphene-based membranes may occur in the short term, as industrial membranes employed within current desalination processes must satisfy many additional criteria, and the novel desalination processes needed to take full advantages of the novel membranes are still to be designed. What is needed in the short term are RO membranes that are not simply more permeable and selective, but also chlorine-tolerant, fouling/scaling-tolerant, acid/base-tolerant, easier to clean, and in some applications oil/hydrocarbon- and high temperature-tolerant. The further progress of graphene-based membranes requires a more systemic approach in addition to basic material research. The design of novel desalination processes is of paramount importance for the uptake of graphene, that otherwise may not deliver the sought improved cost-to-benefit ratios within today’s processes.
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Thank you so much for your detailed and well explained reply Bachir Achour
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-018-0004-z - Outlook for graphene-based desalination membranes
https://www.nature.com/articles/am2017135
Graphene membranes for water desalination
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/geofluids/2018/7026426/
Few of the links shared which i felt was usefull for you and hope so this will answer your question
Thank you so much for sharing these articles Srinivas Kasulla
Just some extra thoughts....
Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube (VACNT) and graphene-based membranes both present promising advancements in desalination, but they have distinct relative benefits.
VACNT membranes offer high permeability due to their smooth, hydrophobic inner walls, leading to potential energy savings. Their tunable pore size allows precise control for high salt rejection rates, and they exhibit robust mechanical strength and chemical resistance, including resilience to chlorine. The anti-fouling properties and thermal stability of VACNTs add to their appeal. While scalability remains a challenge, VACNT membranes may be more readily scalable than graphene-based membranes.
In contrast, graphene-based membranes face significant hurdles in scalability and cost, with challenges in achieving uniform pore size across large areas. While they offer theoretical advantages in water flux, practical implementations may not achieve the same performance.
Concerns about potential environmental impact and integration with existing systems are shared between both technologies.Both technologies require continued research and development to fully realize their potential!
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