What are the currently available commercial NDT solutions for detecting Kissing Disbond defect in multilayers adhesively bonded structures?
Hi Fady, Not my field of expertise but here are a few papers which may help?
https://www.ndt.net/article/wcndt2012/papers/441_wcndtfinal00441.pdf
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.159.2883&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Article Infrared Techniques for Practical Defect Identification in B...
Dear Val Donazzolo, thank you for sending these links. Most of the recent academic papers are talking about Thermography, Shearography and Laser to detect this defect. However, I want to know about the techniques used in the field or on site by the NDT service companies. I contacted some of them and they pointed to the practicality of using X-Ray and high-frequency ultrasonic NDT.
Hi,
Please refer to the following article.
Article Evaluation of interfacial disbonding using finite element-ba...
I was previously involved in a European grant funded project looking at detecting kissing bonds using high frequency ultrasound, and non-linear ultrasound. The project webpage is http://www.stirscan.eu/ the project finished a number of years ago now but I believe one of the project partners (Theta Technologies http://gamechangingndt.com/) were manufacturing a system which used pulse inversion. Pulse inversion basically involves sequentially sending two pulses the first at 0 deg phase and the second at 180 deg phase. The received signals are then summed (so that most of the signal cancels out) and any differences in the signals due to harmonic vibrations from the disbond remain in the signal allowing detection of the disbond.
Hope this helps
Dear Stephen Mosey , Thanks for the valuable information. To be honest I did not hear about Pulse Inversion method before. It is very interesting.
Dear Fady,
Мaybe you will be interested in the next article:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232708280
Glad to help you,
Vadim
Check for papers about LBI, Laser Bond Inspection. BOEING developed this technique as it is the only way to cope with this challenge. In the Boeing papers you get also the insight, why no other way works.
https://www.lsptechnologies.com/lbi-equipment-sales.php
In Europe another group worked on a comparable approach, within a EU funded project (was it COBOND?) some French researchers did the work mainly. AIRBUS/EADS was also involved. I have currently no papers here available, but you may find details here
http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-300352.html.
The Author works at Airbus
Many thanks Wolfgang Bisle . I think that LBI can be considered as distractive and non-distractive tesing method and it must be calibrated correctly to a control sample. Some sugested two papers by Richard Bossi et al. who worked on this technology but the papers where published in 2004 and 2011.
You asked for commercial equipment to cover Weak bond inspection or kissing bond detection. As Richard Bossi from Boeing already stated in his first papers: by the physics of kissing bonds (as they are defined in Industry standards) you have only a chance to detect them with something, that stresses the bond so that a weak bond will open, a good bond stays o.k.
And currently all are focussing on the LBI.
See here some more recommended reading:
https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/2092190256_R_Bossi
http://2010.ndt-aerospace.com/Portals/aerospace2010/BB/we5b2.pdf
https://www.wpafb.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1429529/air-force-collaboration-could-increase-use-of-composites-in-aerospace-manufactu/
http://www.asipcon.com/proceedings/proceedings_2006/2006_PDFs/Thursday/1100_Bossi.pdf
file:///C:/Users/Wolfgang/AppData/Local/Packages/Microsoft.MicrosoftEdge_8wekyb3d8bbwe/TempState/Downloads/MP-AVT-266-18%20(1).pdf
http://airlines.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/241630-David-S.pdf
http://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/SHOCK17/Session/T4.6
https://unit.aist.go.jp/tia-co/project/SIP-IMASM/sympo/2017/materials/Oral/TIA-FhG-2_Valeske.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263030258_Assessment_of_bond_defects_in_adhesive_joints_before_and_after_the_treatment_with_laser_generated_shock_waves
I had been involved in this topic (kissing bonds in CFRP as well as in structures joined by Friction Stir Welding, as well as Metal/Metal-Bonding (Fuselage Lap Joints) and also developing GLARE & other fiber laminates as used in Airbus A380) - we found nothing except such shock techniques. There is always a lot of academic publishing in this area proposing other methods, but nothing showed industrial acceptance through a real process qualification as it is mandatory e.g. in aerospace. Except the bulky systems of LSP I know nothing that is commercially available and qualified.
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