Zuzanna Słabicka the most important challenge is the different norms and values between country of origin and country of destination. the greater the differences the greater the challenge. So for those migrating from somewhere like Afghanistan to UK, there will be huge challenges due to such different cultures. Next is language differences, followed by ability to get jobs. This means levels of education. The better the education, then the less is t he challenge.

If societies are too different, then there is the possibility of mental illness in migrants. We know for example, that the incidence of schizophrenia is greater in migrants than for the native population.

The life of a refugee is hard, they’re fleeing places of war, hunger, famine, persecution and have gone through a tough journey to find a safe haven for themselves in a completely different journey.

What challenges do Refugees and Migrants face? – Epimonia

In my opinion, migrants have to face various challenges and obstacles that prevent them from integrating into active participation in civil society. In my opinion, their lack of knowledge of the host country's language is one of the significant obstacles that migrants have to face today. Which contributes to the fact that migrants don´t have sufficient information about the given state and its functioning in it, so they have a problem integrating into its community and thus creating new friendships and being part of this community. If we look at Muslim migrant women who have to be veiled, they feel excluded. However, it should also be emphasized that the majority of these women do not find a home in the host country and a certain percentage also encountered hate speech, discrimination or violence from the society of the country in question. I see job search as one of the most difficult challenges they face, which is often very difficult precisely because of their lack of language skills. And many other challenges they have to face in terms of their psychological and mental health as well.

I would say the main challenges are access to regularisation, local and labour integration, and xenophobia. Regarding the matter of regularisation, it should be note is is really important, because migrants without a regular migratory situation are more vulnerable to human rights abuses, human trafficking, and enforcement of deportations or expulsions.

The biggest challenges are racism, xenophobia, the lack of knowledge of the majority of immigrants about the laws, the challenge of accessing services such as health services, mental health services, and social support problems.

Social Support Effectiveness of the Mental Health of Immigrants Living in Belgium

https://academic.oup.com/bjsw/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/bjsw/bcac031/6534088?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Estoy de acuerdo con lo señalado por los colegas. Agrego:

Un desafío es la permanente falta de diferenciación entre un refugiado y una persona que se desplaza por otras motivaciones. Muchas veces las/os refugiados deben esforzarse mas de la cuenta para lograr ser reconocidos como tal y por lo general, frente a los extensos trámites que se deben realizar, no logran obtener la categoría.

En la misma línea argumentativa, las/os inmigrantes reconocidos como parte de los llamados desplazamientos "voluntarios", suelen ser menospreciados, especialmente si son de bajos recursos: ¿Cuán voluntarias son las migraciones de aquellos que deben salir de su lugar de origen por razones de sobrevivencia? En este sentido, no siempre se apela a razones humanitarias como parte de estos movimientos.

Otro aspecto relevante, es que se define a las/os inmigrantes como un todo, sin reconocer las diferencias etarias, de género, orientación sexual, entre otras. Es un desafío prioritario que el sistema migratorio y las normativas nacionales se ajusten a estas requerimientos, más allá de lo discursivo.

Lograr que la población inmigrante ingrese al mercado formal de trabajo y la vivienda.