The challenges, but not limited to, should be discussed in terms of design, fabrication, and testing faced by implant antennas that are used in Implantable Medical Devices (IMD)?
Moreover, what are the frequency bands which have been exclusively allocated for Medical Implant Communication Systems (MICS) that allow acceptable communication through human tissue?
We did some work on similar systems over 10 years ago. Maybe WO2005/000391 can give You some ideas as well. Also, most practical efficient systems are very near field or even pure inductive in operation. RF leakage can then be very low. Much depends on the magnitude of the power level required.. In some cases RF id like concepts can also work well.
I have listed few of the challenges of implant antenna:
1. SAR limits i.e. radiation absorption by body. This will limit the maximum EIRP
2. Impedance of body. Antenna are designed to radiate at 377 Ohms, but body impedance is very high.
3. Implants are foreign material to body and body will reject it.
4. The material chosen for body implant affects antenna to huge extent
5. Range of communication is very short because of the above.
Thanks
Pankaj
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