Insomnia - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic

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www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/insomnia/symptoms-causes/syc-2035

Some behaviors may be the cause of or contribute to insomnia. They include daytime napping, lack of exercise, eating and drinking, tobacco use, and alcohol/drug use. Taking a nap during the day may interfere with falling or staying asleep.

Based on findings that insomnia with objective short sleep duration is associated with activation of both limbs of the stress system and other indices of physiological hyperarousal, which should affect adversely physical and mental health, it has been recently demonstrated that this insomnia phenotype is associated with a significant risk of cardiometabolic and neurocognitive morbidity and mortality. In contrast, insomnia with normal sleep duration is associated with sleep misperception and cognitive-emotional arousal but not with signs of physiological hyperarousal or cardiometabolic or neurocognitive morbidity. Interestingly, both insomnia phenotypes are associated with mental health, although most likely through different pathophysiological mechanisms.

Insomnia and Its Impact on Physical and Mental Health (nih.gov)

Dear Seyi Festus Olatoyinbo . See the following useful RG links: Article Insomnia and Its Impact on Physical and Mental Health

Article Roth T. Insomnia: definition, prevalence, etiology, and cons...

Article Insomnia and Mental Health in College Students

Kindly see also the following useful RG links: Article Insomnia and the risk of depression: A meta-analysis of pros...

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/7/1989/htm

Article The Epidemiology of Insomnia and Sleep Duration Across Menta...

We know that people are sensitive & in certain cases negative in their thinking process .We know that in certain cases certain sorry episode in the family & relative may disturb the affected person but certain people remain so much sensitive even for the passing phase of the life & as such they remain all the thinking ,disturbing their mind, feeling & sometime their sleep also .

INSOMNIA due to the sensitive nature of mind & very often disturbing their routine life including their sleep which very often disturb even the health problem .

This is my personal opinion

Also check please the following useful RG links: Article Insomnia: Evidence-based approaches to assessment and management

Article Focus on sleep, insomnia and mental health

Article A Narrative Review of the Literature on Insufficient Sleep, ...

The following RG links are also very useful: Article Brain mechanisms of insomnia: new perspectives on causes and...

Article Insomnia: Causes and approaches to treatment

https://www.futuremedicine.com/doi/10.2217/fmeb2013.13.82

https://www.sleepmedres.org/m/journal/view.php?number=135

https://www.ajmc.com/view/insomnia-overview-epidemiology-pathophysiology-diagnosis-and-monitoring-and-nonpharmacologic-therapy

S. Béatrice Marianne Ewalds-Kvist Many thanks for the useful link provided. Cheers!!!

Suraj Kapoor Thanks for your insightful comment. Well appreciated!!!

@ Prof. Aref Wazwaz All the articles shared and useful links provided are gratefully acknowledged. Many thanks, Sir!!!

Insomnia is a sleep disorder that affects as many as 35% of adults. It is marked by problems getting to sleep, staying asleep through the night, and sleeping as long as you would like into the morning. It can have serious effects, leading to excessive daytime sleepiness, a higher risk of auto accidents, and widespread health effects from sleep deprivation.

Common causes of insomnia include stress, an irregular sleep schedule, poor sleeping habits, mental health disorders like anxiety and depression, physical illnesses and pain, medications, neurological problems, and specific sleep disorders. For many people, a combination of these factors can initiate and exacerbate insomnia.

Not all insomnia is the same; people can experience the condition in distinct ways. Short-term insomnia happens only over a brief period while chronic insomnia lasts for three months or more. For some people, the primary problem is falling asleep (sleep onset) while others struggle with staying asleep (sleep maintenance).

How a person is affected by insomnia can vary significantly based on its cause, severity, and how it is influenced by underlying health conditions.

There are numerous potential causes of insomnia, and in many cases, multiple factors can be involved. Poor sleep can also trigger or worsen other health conditions, creating a complex chain of cause-and-effect for insomnia.

On a holistic level, insomnia is believed to be caused by a state of hyperarousal2 that disrupts falling asleep or staying asleep. Hyperarousal can be both mental and physical, and it can be triggered by a range of circumstances and health issues.

Stress can provoke a profound reaction in the body3 that poses a challenge to quality sleep. This stress response can come from work, school, and social relationships. Exposure to traumatic situations can create chronic stress, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

The body’s physical response to stress contributes to hyperarousal, and mental stress can have the same effect. The inability to sleep may itself become a source of stress, making it increasingly harder to break the cycle of stress and insomnia.

Researchers believe that some individuals are more vulnerable to stress-induced sleeping problems. These people are considered to have high “sleep reactivity,”4 which is tied to other issues affecting their sleep and their physical and mental health.

In an ideal world, the body’s internal clock, known as its circadian rhythm, closely follows the daily pattern of day and night. In reality, many people have sleep schedules that cause misalignment of their circadian rhythm.

Two well-known examples are jet lag and shift work. Jet lag disturbs sleep because a person’s body can’t adjust to a rapid change in time zone. Shift work requires a person to work through the night and sleep during the day. Both can give rise to a disrupted circadian rhythm and insomnia.

In some people, circadian rhythms can be shifted forward or backward without a clear cause, resulting in persistent difficulties in sleep timing and overall sleep quality.

Unhealthy habits and routines related to lifestyle and food and drink can increase a person’s risk of insomnia.

Keeping the brain stimulated until late in the evening, such as by working late, playing video games, or using other electronic devices.

Napping late in the afternoon can throw off your sleep timing and make it hard to fall asleep at night.

Sleeping in later to make up for lost sleep can confuse your body’s internal clock and make it difficult to establish a healthy sleep schedule.

Using your bed for activities besides sleep can create mental associations between your bed and wakefulness.

Though often overlooked, choices about your diet can play a role in sleeping problems like insomnia.

Caffeine is a stimulant that can stay in your system for hours, making it harder to get to sleep and potentially contributing to insomnia when used in the afternoon and evening. Nicotine is another stimulant that can negatively affect sleep.

Alcohol, which is a sedative that can make you feel sleepy, can actually worsen your sleep by disturbing your sleep cycle and causing fragmented, non-restorative sleep.

Eating heavy meals and spicy foods can be hard on your digestive process and have the potential to generate sleeping problems when consumed later in the evening.

Source: https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia/what-causes-insomnia#:

You are most welcome dear

Prof. Seyi Festus Olatoyinbo

Wish you the best always.

some of my publications might be of interest to you

https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/sleep-and-mental-illness/6B85CA77F46DB11183A93A3400878B3D

Article When insomnia is not just insomnia: The deeper correlates of...

https://pandi-perumal.blogspot.com

Article Clarifying the role of sleep in depression: A narrative review

@ Prof. Ahmed T. Hussein Your detailed analyses of the causes, effects and management of insomnia are well appreciated. My best regards Sir!!!

Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal Your published articles and useful links are gratefully acknowledged and appreciated. Many thanks!!!

Sleep problems such as insomnia are a common symptom of many mental illnesses, including anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

https://theconversation.com/explainer-whats-the-link-between-insomnia-and-mental-illness-49597

Also, kindly check:

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12119-insomnia

Thank you Dr Manal Hadi Kanaan for your valuable comment and more useful links provided. Best regards!!!