General principles of organic production

The general principles of organic production contain;

1. Protect the environment, minimize soil degradation & erosion, reduce pollution, optimize biological productivity and encourage a sound state of health

2. keep long-term soil fertility by optimizing conditions for biological activity within the soil

3. keep biological diversity within the system

4. Recycle materials & resources to the greatest extent possible within the enterprise

5. Provide attentive care that promotes health & meets the behavioral needs of livestock

6. Prepare organic products, emphasizing careful processing, and handling technique in order to maintain the organic integrity at all stages of production

7. Rely on renewable resources in locally organized agricultural structures

Organic agricultural practices:

Organic agricultural practices maintain, replenish and balance soil fertility to produce healthy & better-tasting crops. Organic farmers use an array of cultural & biological practices to build soil health, manage weeds and pests, and increase biodiversity

Naghmana Rashid https://www.agrifarming.in/best-practices-of-organic-farming-for-high-yield

Dear Colleagues and Friends from RG,

Many studies show that the most effective organic farming is cultivating in a formula reminiscent of natural, complex, biologically multi-species ecosystems. The ecological farming formula consisting of growing many different species of plants side by side, referring to the formation of the natural ecosystem, allows to eliminate chemical plant protection products and reduce biological fertilization. Only the use of biologically neutral machinery and technical devices for crops to correct the functioning of ecological crops would allow improving this formula and striving to achieve a sustainable state of agriculture. Only the question of the justification of use or the possible resignation from creating new crops resistant to various diseases and pests by applying genetics engineering would remain to be considered. It is not about creating new species of plants or animals through genetic manipulation techniques, but about breeding new crop varieties that are more resistant to diseases and pests as improving the formula of cultivation referring to the natural ecosystem.

Crops referring to the formula of the natural biological ecosystem should be improved by creating and introducing into these complex crops the mentioned new varieties of arable crops in order to restore biological balance, which was previously significantly reduced by the widespread use of monoculture of arable crops carried out as part of classical agriculture. In this way, it is possible to restore sustainable agriculture in the future in areas where classic monocultural farming has previously been carried out or in recultivated areas.

About 75 percent arable land is consumed by the production of agricultural products which only serve as feed for animals bred for slaughter for the production of meat or leather for the clothing industry. It is very inefficient and non-ecological. In addition, industrial production of farmed animals for slaughter also contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. In many countries in Africa, people are starving, while most of the arable land instead of being used to produce food directly for humans in the form of vegetable crops is used for generating many negative externalities of animal production. In the context of the progressing processes of global warming and decreasing areas of natural ecosystems, increasing pollution of the natural environment, it is necessary to carry out the process of reforms of industrial production of agricultural crops and farming livestock so as to develop organic farming, replace the production of agricultural produce for farm animals for the production of agricultural produce as food for people, so that agriculture generates less and less negative external effects and that it is more and more developed in the green economy formula and that it becomes an integral factor in the implementation of sustainable proecological economic development.

The pollination value of crop flowers (without crops) is estimated at $ 500 billion. USA annually. Due to the intensification of agricultural crop production, including the use of chemical plant protection products, the number of pollinating insects, including bees in particular, is rapidly decreasing. The number of bumblebees also decreases very quickly, and only these insects pollinate some crops. To limit the sources of this problem, man should limit the development of agriculture based on the industrial production of arable crops, in particular in the areas of arable crops intended for livestock feed, which is globally 3/4 of the arable land area.

Instead of industrial production of agricultural products, organic farming should be developed without the use of chemical plant protection products. Pesticides should be replaced by the introduction to the production of agricultural products more resistant to viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic crop varieties, which are created using modern biogenetic techniques.

In addition to pesticides used in the industrial production of agricultural products (mainly for the needs of maintaining animal production, meat production), the global warming process, which is accelerating more and more quickly, contributes to a decrease in the number of insects, including pollinating insects. This is because, many insect species are very sensitive to temperature changes in the environment in which they live. To reduce the sources of this problem, man should, on a massive scale, proceed to the reclamation of industrially degraded areas in order to transform them into biological ecosystems similar to natural biological environments composed of many cooperating species of flora and fauna.

In addition, the surface of natural environments, natural biological ecosystems in which insects feed, decreases. It is caused by mowing meadows outside the city and grass in cities. Therefore, it is recommended not to mow the lawn, put insect houses, do not remove rotten, rotting stumps in parks and forests. In some cities, flower meadows are established and insect parks are created in city parks.

According to the observations of biologists, environmentalists, insects die so quickly that in 100 years there will be no insects. If pollinating insects become extinct then the plants will stop producing fruit and seeds, many species of plants will become extinct and there will be a serious problem feeding the humanity and many species of animals on Earth. Therefore, the problem is very serious. In my opinion, this is the second most important problem to be solved in the 21st century, in addition to the problem of the gradually and faster global warming process. In my opinion, these are the most important global problems and challenges to solve numerous problems for humanity in the 21st century.

In the future, sustainable organic farming should be developed with a controlled share of GMOs, i.e. the replacement of chemo including pesticides by GMOs. It is safer and many pro-ecological and economic goals can be achieved and also in the context of the ongoing global warming process, to which industrial agriculture also contributes.

New varieties of arable crops can be safe and suitable for consumption, food, drug production etc. if they are thoroughly tested. Certainly new plant varieties can be safer created, grown using modern, controlled genetic techniques compared to chemical pesticides. Some of the chemical pesticides after their use in arable fields were quickly detected in the bodies of penguins in Antarctica, so the chemicals spread rapidly in biological food chains. In addition, new varieties of crop plants grown using modern genetic techniques can be a perfect complement to the developed organic farming, which does not use any artificial, chemical plant protection products.

In my opinion, future agriculture should be developed according to the following formula:

Global warming + Green agriculture + Sustainable development = Sustainable organic farming as a solution to the diet of the population in the future

In connection with the above, it is necessary to increase expenditure in all countries on ecological reforms in order to implement the principles of sustainable ecological development according to the green economy philosophy. In addition, international financing systems for the creation and implementation of eco-friendly innovations and eco-friendly reforms in many branches of modern economies should be developed, primarily in the energy sector through the development of renewable energy sources. National and international systems for financing pro-ecological reforms in the green finance formula should be developed. The next several years is the last moment to carry out the necessary ecological reforms to avoid a chain reaction of increasing climatic disasters and reduce the scale of environmental pollution and protect most of the remaining biosphere, biodiversity from irreversible degradation. Therefore, humanity should reduce greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible, energy based on renewable energy sources, electromobility, organic farming, waste sorting, recycling, etc. should be developed. Therefore, financial outlays for creating new ecological innovations, green technologies and their implementation in industry. However, despite the obvious need to increase expenditure on renewable energy sources, unfortunately in recent years to a significant and sufficient extent as required, these expenditures do not grow in many countries.

The green economy philosophy is the essence of the processes of implementing the principles of sustainable proecological economic development. One of the key elements of these processes is the implementation of pro-ecological innovations, e.g. in the energy sector, to develop renewable energy sources. This development is the main factor in the implementation of pro-ecological reforms in the energy sector, the aim of which is to replace classic energy sources based on the burning of minerals with environmentally neutral energy based on renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, water and other energy. The implementation of pro-ecological economic projects requires the accumulation of financial capital. Both public institutions, government agencies as well as commercially operating investment funds and other financial institutions are involved in the financing of ecological development projects. If pro-ecological development projects become profitable ventures, then more and more commercially operating companies, corporations, banks, investment funds and other economic entities are interested in financing these pro-ecological economic ventures. Financial resources thanks to which pro-ecological development projects are implemented are more and more often referred to as green finance. In recent years, some international and central financial institutions, such as the World Bank, have been allocating increasingly larger amounts of money for pro-ecological investments. More and more institutions are becoming promoters of the necessary introduction of the principles of sustainable development, however, the scale of actions implemented in order to promote sustainable ecological development is still too small.

Green finance is an important factor in financing pro-ecological business ventures. Public institutions, government agencies as well as increasingly commercially operating investment funds and other financial institutions are involved in the financing of developmental ecological projects.

I fully agree that in the context of increasingly faster climate change processes and increasing environmental pollution, systems for international financing of pro-ecological projects should be created. Within these systems, international institutions should be created to finance projects for implementing ecological reforms, creating and implementing eco-innovation, etc. Grants should be awarded for research projects in the field of biodiversity protection. In Europe, the institutions that can finance such projects are, for example, European Union subsidy programs, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. On a global scale, the World Bank may be such an institution. However, such programs for international financing of ecological projects are still underdeveloped.

Therefore, in my opinion, in the context of increasingly faster climate change processes and increasing environmental pollution, systems for international financing of pro-ecological projects should be created. Within these systems, international institutions should be created to finance projects for implementing ecological reforms, creating and implementing eco-innovation, etc. Grants should be awarded for research projects in the field of biodiversity protection. In Europe, the institutions that can finance such projects are, for example, European Union subsidy programs, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. On a global scale, the World Bank may be such an institution. However, there is still too little development of such programs for international financing of ecological projects, including the development of organic farming.

Do you agree with me on the above matter?

Please reply.

I invite you to discussion and scientific cooperation.

Thank you very much.

Best wishes.

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Follow

https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/Organic%20Practices%20Factsheet.pdf

Due to the faster and faster process, global warming organic farming has a great future.

Best wishes.

Dariusz Prokopowicz

there are a number of good agricultural practices in organic farming. this may include crop rotation, use of FYM, Use of resistant varieties, use of light traps for insect, use of biofertilizers and cow dung based farm products can be used.