I am in the process to quantify the principal aroma compound in traditional aromatic rice, i.e., 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline. I found few papers on 2AP analysis by GC-MS or GC-FID (with out Head space and SPME). Most o the papers showing the use of Head space and SPME. They have used either 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine (Grimm et al. 2011) or 2-acetyl-(methyl-13C)-1-pyrroline (Hien et al. 2015) as an internal standards.

Except these two internal standards, i) are there any available chemical standards or analysis of 2AP? ii) Is there any alternative method/s for quantification of 2AP (with out SPME or Head space etc.)?