This is not a simple question and so is the answer. You will find only many papers and reviews discussing or investigating the toxicity of NPs. Some will look at it from a size point of view and some from a chemical composition. So I can not give you spesific guidlines you need to have a list of matirials you ate intrested in and then check them one by one to be sure.

We just published a paper on this subject that can give you an idea on how difficult this question is to answer, as Dr. Noyhouzer has suggested. One thing to keep in mind, you cannot inject anything into humans without first testing them in vitro and then a suitable in vivo animal model (in another study we performed biodistribution studies in mice to see where our nanoparticles would actually go). Here is our paper and if you have any further questions, please contact me at [email protected]. Thanks!

As commented by others above, it is difficult to say anything with confidence. There are many reports of using gold nanoparticles for destruction of cancer. silver nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles are also used for useful purposes. May be in our food also nanoparticles may remain. However, injection is a difficult proposition.

thank you all. so i should improve my question: is there any nano-materials (specially nanoparticles) that has reached to the stage of testing in humans?  

Dear Mohammad pooya Naghshbandi

This link may be useful to you http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Application_withdrawal_assessment_report/2010/01/WC500067463.pdf

 Mild toxicity, biocompatibility and magnetic properties of iron allowed creating a marker based on Fe2O3 nanoparticles, stabilized with dextran and sodium citrate for onkodiagnostics (trade name Sinerem) [Withdrawal assessment report for Sinerm. Report EMEA. CHMP London. 11527. 2008]. Sinerem is a new contrast agent for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) developed for marketing by GUERBET: Pharmacotherapeutic group: Intravascular contrast agent for MRI (iron oxide nanoparticles), ATC code: V08C B03. It is administered in humans as a single dose by intravenous infusion.

Sincerely,

Svetlana V. Chuppina

Dear Mohammad pooya Naghshbandi

Try to see these links; probably it may be useful for you

1) Medicinal applications of fullerenes

Rania Bakry, Rainer M Vallant, Muhammad Najam-ul-Haq, Matthias Rainer, Zoltan Szabo, Christian W Huck, and Günther K Bonn // Int J Nanomedicine. 2007 Dec; 2(4): 639–649. Published online 2007 Dec. PMCID: PMC2676811

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2676811/

2) On the use of water molecular-colloidal solutions of fullerenes for drinking water activated with fullerenes and about the properties of the mineral water

http://www.c60water.com/en.html

http://svetla.com/o-vode/

http://www.svetla-water.com/

3) Works of G. Andrievsky - the founder of the hydrated fullerenes scientific direction:

Andrievsky, G., et al., On the production of an aqueous colloidal solution of fullerenes // J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 12, 1281–1282. 1995.

Andrievsky, G., Klochkov, V., Derevyanchenko, L., Is C60 fullerene molecule toxic?! // Fullerenes Nano-tubes Carbon Nanostruct. 13, 363–376. 2005.

Patent № 2213692 (RU). Water-molecular colloidal solution of at least one hydrated fullerene. The owners of the patent: Solodov Mstislavovich Dmitry (RU), Andrievsky Grigoriy Vladimirovich (UA)

Sincerely,

Svetlana V. Chuppina

Dear Svetlana Viktorovna Chuppina

thank you for your answers. they are helpful to me.