There exists a plethora of reactive and proactive VANET routing protocols. The list of routing protocols is seamless. In my opinion proactive protocols should be considered as options in case of emergency safety message passing. If we consider proactive protocols in this case apart from latency the reliability is very critical in designing routing protocols. Which of the existing class of routing protocol will focus on these two aspects considering latest developments in wireless and mobile technologies?
The vehicular environment is based on interactions between the traffic flow, safety, and communications capacity within a transportation system. Communications capacity relates to the safety and comfort of driving while flow relates to efficiency and there are always tradeoffs inherent in the capacity-flow and flow-safety relations. These tradeoffs originate mainly from the MAC layer of IEEE 802.11p, the main communication standard in VANET.
That is said and to answer your question, you need to study such tradeoffs first for the system in hand (Sparse / Dense) and then render a mathematical realization for such criteria you are looking for. This will direct you to choose the routing protocol and to study how the new technologies can affect such tradoffs and their mutual interactions.
For this, I suggest:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317355098_User_Model-Based_Method_for_IEEE_80211p_Performance_Evaluation_in_Vehicular_Safety_Applications
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222109105_VANET_routing_protocols_Pros_and_cons
All the best
I think OLSRv2 needs to be further analyzed in the VANET environment. It is the only standardized routing protocol in MANET by IETF and can be tested in VANET scenarios. Hybrid active/proactive routing protocols are also a good option for such trad-off between delay and reliability.
i suggest you read and cite the following paper
Article Simulation based comparison of routing protocols in wireless...
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