Your question is not clear to me. Would you please elaborate the question in detail.
In Taguchi designs, a measure of robustness used to identify control factors that reduce variability in a product or process by minimizing the effects of uncontrollable factors (noise factors). Control factors are those design and process parameters that can be controlled. Noise factors cannot be controlled during production or product use, but can be controlled during experimentation. In a Taguchi designed experiment, you manipulate noise factors to force variability to occur and from the results, identify optimal control factor settings that make the process or product robust, or resistant to variation from the noise factors. Higher values of the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) identify control factor settings that minimize the effects of the noise factors.
Thus, If you are referring to Taguchi Experiments in PMEDM, then Noise may be due to setting of powder in tank, operator variations, different environment/time conditions, uneven mixing of powder with Dielectric etc.
II do not think that Phan has meant the noise of the process parameters.
In principle, the use of Powder in liquid dielectrics brings some problems that need to be taken into account in the construction of the plant technology and the selection of the process parameters.
The size of Powders limited as the possible gap width, resulting in additional wear components in the supply systems of the dielectric and the pump requires minimum sizes of spray nozzles. In addition, the powder must be uniformly distributed and cause any reactions with the electrode surfaces in the dielectric. Before the dielectric may be regenerated, the Powder must be disconnected again, especially in aqueous dielectrics.
As nice as the surface results with additional Powder are also mentioned problems cause PMEDM is used only in exceptional cases.
Another "nuisance" in the use of Powder is completely altered optimized process parameters area and the larger the area of noise parameters.
The academic field of studies is quite far, but the practical applications is very limited.
Through an optimization method You can change any noise performance. Decisive for the effect of the process parameters noise is the nature and quality of their process control. With Taguchi they perhaps can even process parameters separated having a minimum noise.
If you notice in their experiments that the signal-to-noise ratio is changed by its optimization method, then you have certainly undermined a few principles of optimization. Reliable optimizations deliver even under different approaches a robust result.
In the field of process control variables, they can of course affect the S / N ratio.