Thiaminases are enzmyes found in a few plants and the raw flesh and viscera of certain fish and shellfish. When ingested these enzymes split thiamin (Vitamin B1), an important compound in energy metabolism, and render it inactive, there are generally two main types

Type I - the most common form, this type is found in fish, shellfish, ferns and some bacteria. It acts by displacing the pyrimidine methylene group with a nitrogenous base or SH-compound to eliminate the thiazole ring.

Type II - found in certain bacteria, this type acts through the hydrolytic cleavage of the methylene-thiazole-N bond to yield pyrimidine and thiamin moieties.

These articles may help;

1. A Rapid Method for Assaying Thiaminase I Activity in Diverse Biological SamplesClifford E. Kraft , Eric R. L. Gordon, Esther R. Angert

PLOS. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092688

2. Investigations of the source, distribution, expression and physiological function of thiaminase 1 by Eric Gordon , 2012.

3. Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Science webpage  Department of Animal Science - Plants Poisonous to Livestock: Thiaminases

Fever occurs when the body temperature rises above the defined  normal range due to a change in the body's temperature set-point.  Values between 37.5 and 38.3 °C (99.5 and 100.9 °F) are generally accepted s normal in humans.  Enviromental factors, infections, drugs or disease, cause a change in set-point, or stimulate the immune system to decrease the body temprature set point hence resulting in fever. Below are a few atryicles

1. Arch Dis Child. 2006 May; 91(5): 414–416. doi: 10.1136/adc.2005.087874

Randomised controlled trial of combined paracetamol and ibuprofen for fever

M D S Erlewyn‐Lajeunesse, K Coppens, L P Hunt, P J Chinnick, P Davies, I M Higginson, and J R Benger.

2. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011 Jun;11(6):445-54. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70089-5.Gatifloxacin versus chloramphenicol for uncomplicated enteric fever: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial.

Arjyal A1, Basnyat B, Koirala S, Karkey A, et al.

Thanks Adejoke.  

What I am specifically wondering about with the temperature question is about denaturing proteins with heat.  A harmful enzyme such as thiaminase denatures at 80C, or rather the recommendation to denature them with cooking is to heat food to 80C, so it is somewhere between 37C and 80C.  So, clearly, a fever isn't going to denature this harmful enzyme, so I was wondering about the mechanisms of fever, specifically if there is super heating in one place, which would dissipate very quickly.  We would never measure that by taking someone's temperature.  

There are a few microbes that make thiaminases which can rob B1 and cause serious neurological problems and there are 3 problematic pathways in ALS meeting at B1, which is certainly deficient in my sister.  So right now the quest is for why is B1 deficient.  Her diet is the best out of anyone I know and she's been taking supplements yet she is still deficient in B1.

So, what are the possibilities, microbes stealing the B1, microbes producing thiaminases.  We did an organic acids test to determine the B1 deficiency and I am not sure exactly how that is measuring the B1 deficiency.  If it measuring downstream products from B1 then the possibility that the ability to use B1 is somehow blocked also exists.

Two years ahead of my sister's first ALS symptom she was having the most horrendous heat flashes out of anyone I've ever known.  And this went on for years.  I remember her 50th birthday, which was 1.5 years ahead of the first ALS symptom, she would be putting on a sweater for being cold and then stripping to just shorts and a t-shirt.  She wore button up pajamas so she could open them to cool down and without blankets, and then she'd be curled up under the covers trying to get warm.  But, this had been going on for a couple years already...

So, there's the non-answer that the body doesn't regulate temperature as well after menopause, but I want to know why did she have early menopause, what is the mechanism and reasons for the hot flashes.  I think her body was trying to fix or fight something.

She is deficient in all of the amino acids from the shikimate pathway and the body is going to stop estrogen production ahead of something that will give more serious health problem, so to me that's the why of the early menopause, at age 46 and I still had a ton of estrogen at 53.

So, why is she deficient in essential amino acids when she home cooked all meals, mixed up foods so she always had a wide range of vegetables?  She had some kind of salad daily, but it could be a coleslaw, a garden salad, or some other.  She rotated and ate a wide range of vegetables.  Her food philosophy was that if you ate the same foods all the time you were more likely to have a nutritional deficiency where the foods you ate were low in nutrients.  She is now using a feeding tube and she will not use any of the feeding tube formula except liquid hope, and she prefers to have whole foods blended.  So why and how did she develop serious amino acid and vitamin deficiencies?  Something in her body was causing a very serious imbalance a long time before the neuro-muscular symptoms.

When I think about what I know about the chemical warfare in the body against invaders, I believe H2O2 is used and the resulting reaction is exothermic, so that could be a reason for fever...

Dear Deb Wotherspoon

Pls. find the attached files

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5707861

http://poisonousplants.ansci.cornell.edu/toxicagents/thiaminase.html

http://www.rosincerate.com/2015/10/thiaminases-poison-animals-by.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13008895/

page 80 in: Peter R. Cheeke.1989.Toxicants Of Plant Origin: Proteins & Amino Acids, CRC Press,Pp.288. ISBN 0849369924, 9780849369926

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-agricultural-science/article/some-properties-of-thiaminases-associated-with-cerebrocortical-necrosis/D66A76B9A356AD1DF0088594D1C07DD9

page 268. In: Gerald F. Combs, Jr.. 2007.The Vitamins Academic Press,Pp.608. ISBN0080561306, 9780080561301

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamine

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiaminase

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2140240/

http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4FN6

http://www.reeis.usda.gov/web/crisprojectpages/0227209-characterization-of-bacterial-thiaminase-i-production-and-its-regulation.html

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/116930-overview

https://www.dsm.com/markets/anh/en_US/Compendium/companion_animals/thiamin.html

http://www.fao.org/docrep/x5738e/x5738e07.htm

page 12 in: Marcel Florkin, Elmer H. Stotz. 2014. Water-Soluble Vitamins, Hormones, Antibiotics Elsevier,Pp.258. ISBN 1483222144, 9781483222141

http://www.wetwebmedia.com/ca/volume_6/volume_6_1/thiaminase.htm

http://www.uen.org/Lessonplan/preview.cgi?LPid=1261

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0092688

page 619 in: Roderick Mackie, Bryan White. 2012.  Gastrointestinal Microbiology: Volume 1 Gastrointestinal Ecosystems and Fermentations Springer Science & Business Media,Pp.658. ISBN1461541115, 9781461541110

page 49 in: John De Vries. 1996. Food Safety and Toxicity CRC Press,Pp.368. ISBN143982195X, 9781439821954

C:\Users\pc1\Desktop\a\Studies on Thiaminase of Fungi_179.mht

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/22369693_Thiaminases_and_Their_Effects_on_Animals

page 212 in: Cheng-Sheng Lee. 2015. Dietary Nutrients, Additives and Fish Health John Wiley & Sons,Pp.367. ISBN0470962887, 9780470962886

page 276 in: Janos Zempleni, John W. Suttie, Jesse F. Gregory III, Patrick J. Stover. 2013. Handbook of Vitamins, Fifth Edition CRC Press,Pp.605. ISBN1466515570, 9781466515574

Page 467 in: Paul L. Munson, Egon Diczfalusy, John Glover, Robert E. Olson.  1976. Vitamins and Hormones, Academic Press,Pp.742. ISBN0080866301, 9780080866307

Page 261 in: National Research Council (U.S.). Food Protection Committee Toxicants Occurring Naturally in Foods. National Academies,Pp.624

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jnsv1954/14/3/14_3_179/_article

page 427 in: Maurice Edward Shils, Moshe Shike. 2006. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,Pp.2069. ISBN0781741335, 9780781741330

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thiaminase

page 262 in: Mitchell Bebel Stargrove, Jonathan Treasure, Dwight L. McKee. 2008. Herb, Nutrient, and Drug Interactions: Clinical Implications and Therapeutic Strategies Elsevier Health Sciences,Pp. 932. ISBN 0323029647, 9780323029643

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275481543_Studies_on_Thiaminase_of_Fungi

Hoping this will be helpful            

Regards

Prof. Houda Kawas

Article Thiaminases and Their Effects on Animals

Article Studies on Thiaminase of Fungi

You guys are awesome, thank you so much.

You most welcome

Houda