(1) Books on Nonlinear Systems

[Khalil02] H.K. Khalil, Nonlinear Systems, 3rd Edition, 2002, Prentice-Hall.

http://www.amazon.com/Nonlinear-Systems-3rd-Hassan-Khalil/dp/0130673897/

[Isidori95] A. Isidori,  Nonlinear Control Systems, 3rd Edition, Springer-Verlag, 1995.

http://www.amazon.com/Nonlinear-Control-Systems-Communications-Engineering/dp/3540199160/

[Isidori99] A. Isidori, Nonlinear Control Systems II, Springer-Verlag, 1999.

http://www.amazon.com/Nonlinear-Control-Systems-Communications-Engineering/dp/3540199160/

[Sastry99] S. Sastry,  Nonlinear systems: analysis, stability and control, Springer-Verlag, 1999.

http://www.amazon.com/Nonlinear-Systems-Stability-Interdisciplinary-Mathematics/dp/0387985131/

[Khalil01] H.K. Khalil, Nonlinear Systems, 3rd Edition, Pearson, 2001.

[GL00] T. Glad and L. Ljung, Control theory : multivariable and nonlinear methods, CRC Press, 2000.

https://www.amazon.com/Control-Theory-Multivariable-Nonlinear-Methods/dp/B00891IT7I

(2) Books on Linear Systems

[Chen12] C.T. Chen, Linear System Theory and Design, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA, 2012.

http://www.amazon.com/Linear-System-Electrical-Computer-Engineering/dp/0199959579

[Kailath79] T. Kailath, Linear Systems, Prentice-Hall, 1979.

http://www.amazon.co.uk/Linear-Systems-Prentice-Hall-Information-Sciences/dp/0135369614/

(3) Supplement References

The technical report [Hong99] cites the three books by K. Ogata, C.T. Chen, and T. Kailath as the references.

Quote the technical report "Although most control system are nonlinear, the nonlinearity is small enough to be neglected in many real-world system design cases, where a linear analysis can describe the system dynamics effectively."

[Hong99] Y. Hong, “The Controller Design For Linear System: A State Space Approach,” Technical Report, National University of Singapore, November 1999. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.21548.21120/1 Available from the following RG link.

Preprint The Controller Design For Linear System: A State Space Approach

Discussions on control system design

"What are trends in control theory and its applications in physical systems (from a research point of view)?"

https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_are_trends_in_control_theory_and_its_applications_in_physical_systems_from_a_research_point_of_view2

I suggest you to take a look at the following book:

F.W. Fairman, Linear control theory. The state space approach, John Wiley & Sons, 1998. 

Adding new contributions to the awesome  already listed:

Nonlinear:

Slotine, J. & Li, W. Applied Nonlinear Control Prentice-Hall, 1991

Linear

Houpis, C.; Sheldon, S. & D'Azzo, J. Linear Control System Analysis and Design: Fifth Edition, Revised and Expanded CRC Press, 2003

 For all theoretical purposes I found these two books very useful:

I.J. Nagrath and M. Gopal, Control Systems Engineering, Chapter 10, Edition 5th, New Age International Publishers

Katsuhiko Ogata, Modern Control Engineering, Chapter 5, Edition 5th, PHI Learning Private Limited. 

I suggest you to take a look at the following book:

Nonlinear control systems , A Isidori - 1995

@Barun Singh The books you have mentioned are good from theoretical perspective but they lack in terms of detailed foundation. Thanks for your suggestion though.

Thanks everyone for your valuable suggestions. They mean a lot.

Here is a valuable edition to the collection already presented by our colleagues:

S. Boyd, L. Ghaoui, E. Feron, and V. Balakishnan, Linear Matrix Inequalities in System and Control Theory, SIAM Studies in Applied Mathematics, ISBN 0-89871-334-X (1994).

There may exist an updated edition, book displays a very rich bibliography. The book shows strong connections of the subject matter with optimization, dynamical systems as well as the classical themes (Lyapunov theory).  

This book provides an easy way to learn nonlinear control systems such as feedback linearization technique and Sliding mode control (Structure variable control) : Nonlinear Control Systems using MATLAB®: Boufadene, Mourad: 9781138359550: Amazon.com: Books which are one of the most used techniques in nonlinear control dynamical systems; therefore teachers-students and researchers are all in need to handle such techniques; and since they are too difficult for them to handle such nonlinear controllers especially for a more complicated systems such as induction motor, satellite, and vehicles dynamical models. Thus, this document it is an excellent resource for learning the principle of feedback linearization and sliding mode techniques in an easy and simple way: Nonlinear Control Systems using MATLAB®: Boufadene, Mourad: 9781138359550: Amazon.com: Books

• Provides a briefs description of the feedback linearization and sliding mode control strategies
• Includes a simple method on how to determine the right and appropriate controller (P-PI-PID) for feedback linearization control strategy.
• A Symbolic MATLAB Based function for finding the feedback linearization and sliding mode controllers are developed and tested using several examples.
• A simple method for finding the approximate sliding mode controller parameters is introduced

Where the program used to construct the nonlinear controller uses symbolic computations; such that the user should provide the program with the necessary functions f(x), g(x) and h(x) using the symbolic library.

Nonlinear Control Systems using MATLAB®: Boufadene, Mourad: 9781138359550: Amazon.com: Books

the best three books in control :

Modern control engineering (Ogata)

Nonlinear Control (Hassan Khalil)

Modern control systems (Dorf)

Modern research on nonlinear systems arrived to complex systems, emergence, self-organization, selfassembly, self-repair, and similar processes that are mostly observed in biological systems.

When you are interested about this fast proliferating area of research you are welcomed to join two projects that are focusing on it:

https://www.researchgate.net/project/Complexity-in-Medicine-Practical-Problems-Their-Definitions-Models-and-Solutions

and

https://www.researchgate.net/project/Complexity-Digest--Toolkit-Containing-Root-Research-Results-Articles-Books-and-Software--Covers-Emergence-Self-Organization-and-Beyond

The first one focuss more on medicine and the other one more on theory and mathematics. The second one is where you find links to books and important research papers.

Good luck in your exploration. :-)

PS Nonlinear systems bare very well described in books of Herman Haken on synergetics.

Linear Systems by Antsaklis, Panos and Anthony, Michel

Dear Prof. Ankur Gajjar,

Please refer to my work other than the suggestion of Dear Scientists on the solution of linear equations in the form of AX=B.

Kind regards