It is very interesting to learn that there are many types of research designs.
Also, hypothesis construction is an important part of any research study. To know more about this question in detailed watch the following lecture from the series of research methodology. https://youtu.be/zGA1kPF4fbM
Given how broad your question is, you might consider reading a good introductory graduate text on research methods, such as those by either Babble or Bryman. Note that it is a lot easier to find what you are looking for by "flipping through" a book based on its table of contents and index, compared to watching a long YouTube presentation that may have very little content related to your goals.
In short, research design is the way that you intend to carry out a research project; while hypothesis construction is either, building---beforehand---an argument that you intend the research project to test (and perhaps modify), or, as in grounded, theory, building an ongoing argument from the data as it is collected until data saturation when you will have your complete grounded theory of whatever.
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