Lake depth plays important role for estimation of pollutants concentration at different levels of lake water. I need expert views about the application of statistical tools for relating water quality parameters interactions with changing depth.
You can go for ANOVA test followed by post hoc tests. ANOVA test will explain the overall difference among groups and post hoc test will tell you which specific group is different.
In another way, you can try simple correlation and regression (considering depth as independent and pollutant concentration as dependent). After that form a correlation coefficient matrix among different pollutants and depth.
An interesting question but my concern would be first understanding the dynamics of the lake - in many systems waters mix vigorously on an annual or semi-annual basis and weather can also cause mixing of water layers thus chemicals will generally be mixed between layers.