What are all the materials available for FDM type 3D printing. And Please share the Strength, Energy absorption characteristics of each material by comparing.
FDM 3D printing materials are ABS, PLA, and their various blends. More advanced FDM printers can also print with other specialized materials that offer properties like higher heat resistance, impact resistance, chemical resistance, and rigidity
In general, nearly every thermoplastic material can be printed using FDM. Some restrictions may occur regarding possible processing temperatures of the printer chosen. In addition, a lot of blends, additives and fillers can be used.
You may find a lot of review papers like this https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/3/465/pdf. A good source for information are product pages from manufacturers with a broad offered range of materials, like www.3d4makers.com, giving an overview and datasheets.
Be careful:
The official term is fused filament fabrication (FFF) or material extrusion (MEX), FDM is a trademark.
Material characteristics in datasheets are often given for the raw material such as pellets as used for injection molding. Only in rare cases they are given for the real 3D-printed part. Here you have to search literature.
I assume that energy absorption characteristics may not be found in datasheets, and you have to search for that in the literature.