Hi,

regarding your first question, Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) could produce muscle damage. Here attached 2 examples.

Cheers,

G

Muscle damage would be considered to be in muscle cells and the extracellular matrix. So a concentric contraction might cause microdamage in 'weaker' muscle cells that are changed in their structure by contracting muscle cells. Also isometric training at longer muscle length might cause microdamage.

Eccentric would have active and passive force contribution, and this depends also on the velocity/speed of the eccentric phase. If you move fast, there will be less contribution from active components.

So the deep tissue massage would be more in the area of disruption of muscle cells through force on the structures, which can also happen during contractions. However, they would be different as eccentric only.

If you would consider muscle cells/fibers damage to a single fiber or to a fascicle is also different. Stretching for instance can cause damage to a single fiber, but in reality you can not stretch a muscle cell only as it is in connection with several structures.

Thanks very much for the manuscripts Giorgio Varesco ! I will read them carefully!

Also, thanks for your insights Peter Griepink . My main interest is in the difference between the damage caused from eccentric contractions to other types of damage. The deep tissue stimulation will be a damage caused from force, which is not applied in the direction of the fiber contraction/lengthening. Whereas the eccentric action would be a tension applied at the fiber longitudinal axis. So, it is interesting to consider that different types of tension might be seen as micro traumas in a broad sense, but with little commonalities. Sill regarding deep tissue stimulation: Could it actually disrupt deep fibers? is there any research on this?

Thanks again for the feedback!

My intuition: if the force is different, then the (type) of damage will also be different.

Hi. I am aware of published research on the specific question but I doubt that deep tissue massage can cause muscle microtrauma to a similar extent to exercise-training induced muscle lengthening in athletes. I assume this might slightly change when dealing with clinical populations.

muscle damage (probably in trained), by stretching stress, by the eccentric component.

Metabolic stress by swell celling and workload by mechanical stress by high intensities (high loads)

Thanks so much Anderson Souza Oliveira for give your insight about the difference between micro traumas caused by deep massage and eccentric action. Im agree with you, so it's depends to direction of force.