For sure you cannot do this without more spatial information. With this kind of information you can use autocad or GIS software but, in every case, you have to understand the goal to estabilish if this way it's the right one.
If you discover the goal, I guess, that this kind of operation is too remarkable to finish.
You can transfer a 2D plan to a 3D concept in many different software such as AutoCAD, 3DMAX, Sketch up, but as others mentioned it does not change it automatically, you need to work on it ,give it height,and thickness. If it is a picture,then you can give it a feeling of 3D in photoshop by skew and distort under transform. Depends on what you mean by data.
3D contains more information than a 2D file. and there are noways to retrieve that information back from a single 2D image. 2D however can be converted to 3D back via 2 methods.
1. Cross sections at various Z levels of the 3D structure, (collectively called as Image stack) integrated into back 3D structure. (Examples are voxel art, 3D cat scan files and TEM images). Example is imageJ (with plugin), 3D Tin, Paint3D.
2. Cross sections from different planes of the same 3D structure (from xy, yz and xz planes) merging to 3D structure. These method is more accurate but needs more sofisticated machine and software.
However yet several methods yet, not understood by me, claim to recover all information for 3D construction via a single 2D image. The method is still under research for final release. First demonstration of the methodology was in Sygraphh 2010 or 12 but official software hasnt yet been released. I have been looking for the name of software or a beta version to download but nothing available till date.
Possibly, you could import your all 2D building plan in a 3D software (in this case autocad or something similar) and add by hand the third dimension. As said by many people, you need 3D dimension somehow. A software cannot reconstruct by itself the third dimension.
Either you take pictures and use 123D catch to automatic reconstruction from photographies. However this techniques is not really accurate.
The question leaves room for more than one explanation and thus answer.
This is mostly due to the fact that the 'abbreviation' 3D is differently used in different contexts.
Although 3D was originally used for 3 dimensions nowadays the term is also used to identify stereoscopic technology (3D movie, 3D cinema, 3D TV in all these cases 3D really stands for stereoscopic)
I am active in digital displays that generate 3D-perception ( and in the context of the above I would have to add 3D-without-glasses, which really is more true for the technology we work with than for any kind of stereoscopic display)
When you convert 2-D data to 3-D the image rendered suffers from occlusions. If you have a large image data set of the model to be created , you could use Point Cloud Library to model the 2-D to 3-D data. But you will require significant amount of coding skills for it.
If you want something simple and quick I would recommend SketchUp ( www.sketchup.com). For something more accurate and flexible you'd need a fully featured CAD package such as AutoCAD or FreeCAD. All of them have tools to allow you to convert the drawing into a framework which you can further develop into a full 3D building model. Although powerful many people find CAD tools quite difficult to learn.
It depends on his ability to 3D environment. if your ultimate goal is an animation or rendering of images I suggest Blender 3D because it is a complete software, although it is not simple to use. If your goal is to explore the project sketchup is better because it is easier.