See these Chapters in French:
Chapter SMTF-Chapitre 2 : Les échelles de la turbulence
Chapter SMTF-Chapitre 3 : Description statistique de la turbulence
Chapter SMTP-Chapitre 4 : Modélisation de la turbulence
Zainab Nadeem Suzah Try to translate the text where appropriate and tell me if you have questions. I will be happy to do my best to answer them.
It can capture near and far field turbulence reasionably best when compare to any other models.
The K-epsilon turbulence model is one of the most common models used in CFD to simulate mean flow characteristics for turbulent flow conditions. The model evolved over time and functions under the RANS equation and Boussinesq hypothesis, as well as Reynold-Stress (product of fluctuating velocity components average taken in divergent RANS terms). Recommended 2-equation model that gives turbulenceby means of transported variables such as turbulent kinetic energy (k) and rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy (ε).
It's popular because it's computationally cheap. Also be aware that it doesn't capture fluctuations so if you're worried about thermal or other stresses in a pipe, it won't help as it's time averaged.
In these holiday days, I would like to mention this article which inspires the desire to celebrate life (or to simply live) despite everything: Straits Times, Dec. 25, 2023, World celebrates Christmas in shadow of wars in Gaza, Ukraine. "... People donated Santa caps on beaches, ski slopes and streets around the globe on Dec 25 to celebrate Christmas, with Israel's war on Hamas and Russia's invasion of Ukraine casting a shadow over the holiday...". Happy Holidays to all
Read the Article on:
https://www.straitstimes.com/world/world-celebrates-christmas-in-shadow-of-wars-in-gaza-ukraine
See Also:
https://www.researchgate.net/post/War_Peace
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Science_and_history_serving_political_and_ideological_totalitarianism
With my limited knowledge, K-W and K-E model are universal for most low-speed flow such as ships, wind turbines. However, they are uncertain when your research includes numerous eddies.
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