We have cultured E. coli in Broth containing formalin. We also measured the growth concentration by Uv Spectroscopy. Our target is to identify DNA damage and DNA mutation location.
Formaldehyde-induced DNA damage is a very old topic; for example: Article Repair of DNA damage caused by formaldehyde in human cells
There are lots of other papers from that era, many of which you can download free of charge.
The location of induced mutations, which would be predicted to be scattered randomly throughout the E.coli genome is a sequencing task. Do you have access to any next generation sequencing technology? If not, then you might try a selective medium and sequence, by more conventional methods, only the gene that confers resistance.
But all of this seems to be reinventing the wheel. Why do you need to do it?