We can save water in a number of ways including the following:

• increasing storage capacity (reservoirs and dams),
• rainwater harvesting,
• improvement of water use efficiency,
• desalination of seawater,
• water savings,
• mandatory rainwater tanks in new and old buildings,
• use of recycled/reclaimed water,
• improvements in irrigation efficiency,
• selection of climate resilient crops
• no-tillage agriculture,
• integrated agriculture-aquaculture.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303218799_Climate_Change_Water_Security

Book Climate Change & Water Security

Dear Researcher, really water is precious and need to be conserve by means of modern intellectuals/ technologies. The current trend use and abuse of water resources may leads to unsustainable production, environment and wellbieng. The modern technological innovations may be blended with indigenous wisdom of people can sustain the existing water resources. Therefore, through study of SWOT and retrospect the current utilization patter need of hour. Your paper has  has come out with wonderful ideas to conserve water in dynamic climate fera.

My short answer: Property and Price. Fresh water is a limiting resource in various situations, indeed. The first question to answer may be: who legally owns the resource. Secondly, who pays what price for water at source and at the point of delivery? Who invests the capital for the infrastructure between source and consumer? Adapting the international and national law may take long negotiations. Pricing a scarce resource implies higher costs for bulk consumers, obviously problematic for an established irrigated-farming sector. The current solution seems to be Technology: desalination (e.g. California, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Namibia). Differential pricing for household, public and corporate consumers will be necessary, but complex as households may use large volumes of water for homestead gardens. lawns, car wash and the likes. 

It is well known that the available water resources is limited and the per capita availability is decreasing day by day due to ever increasing population, urbanization, industrialization and agricultural activities. Water management and water conservation are the only solutions to meet the future water needs. Already there are many strategies and programmes towards protecting our water resources.

Some of the strategies towards water conservation and management are as follows:

1. Reduce the consumption through water efficient appliances.

2. Recycle and reuse of the gray water to better utilize the waste water.

3. Artificial groundwater recharge to enhance groundwater potential.

4. Micro irrigation - more crop for every drop of water (drip or sprinkler irrigation)

5. On-site water quality management (Effluent treatment plants; proper sanitation)

6. Need or demand based water supply (not supply based developments)

7. Roof top rain water harvesting to conserve & manage the rainwater.

8. Creating public awareness & Public participation.

Like Prasad pointed out increased application of the 3R concept will ensure effective water conservation. Reduction in quantity of generated waste water, Reuse and Recycling of waste water is sustainable coupled with good attitude to waste generation.

Groundwater users often overlook groundwater problems until they are well advanced. During the initial stages of development when the abstraction of water is less than the natural recharge, groundwater management is fairly simple. However once the development reaches a. stage where the abstraction equals natural recharge or exceeds natural recharge, the management problems increases significantly. The groundwater problems sometimes take the form of a lowering groundwater levels, which results in increased power costs to lift the water, deepening of wells and modifying of pumps. Sometimes land subsidence occurs or saline water intrudes into the fresh water aquifer or rising of groundwater levels may take place. Successful management demands full consideration of all implications of aquifer development, water quality, hydrogeo-chemical aspects, and, where appropriate the co-ordinated operation of surface and groundwater supplies and storage capacities. Most problems result from conscious human action and ideally therefore, might be prevented by good management practices.

Water management is a comprehensive term that encompasses both the routine day-to-day aspects of well field operation, and the long term considerations relating to future water demand, potential sources of supply, economics, environmental, social, political and other related topics.

Groundwater recharge rates will be affected by climate change, in particular, recharge will decrease in association with higher air temperatures, lower rainfall and drought, and whereas recharge will increase where there will be an increase in frequency and magnitude of rainfall and floods. In fact, the variability in rainfall due to climate change (where it is projected to decrease) can bring conflicts among water users including drinking water supplies, farming, fisheries and stock and domestic uses.

Conservation and management of water is with respect to quantity and quality. The approach should be holistic; scientific & planned; and as far as possible it should be on a river basin/watershed basis.

Some more activities related to water conservation and management are:

1. Rejuvenate & revitalize all the existing well and ponds/lakes.

2. Interlink all the reservoirs meant for irrigation/hydro-power into domestic water supply schemes.

3.Create awareness on misuse or abuse of water in terms of quantity or quality.

4. Construction of check dams to conserve water

5. Construction of regulator-cum-bridges to control salinity ingression near the river mouth, especially during summer and to protect the valuable freshwater from getting polluted.

6. Prevention of leakages in the existing water supply schemes.

7. Strict monitoring of waste water & septage treatment and waste disposal to water bodies.

Please this interesting artile posted online at:

http://naturalsociety.com/43-ways-to-save-water-conserve-preserve/ 

Regards, 

Prof. Dr. Hilmi S. Salem

http://naturalsociety.com/43-ways-to-save-water-conserve-preserve/

By acknowledging that water is a scarce and precious resource we can adopt conservation practices and avoidance of wastage. Recycling is highly recommended also.

Thank you.