Upto 20% of EGR can be added in diesel to reduce the NOx emissions..

I have experienced water emulsions (10%, 20%, 30%). It is possible up to 30% of water. However, it is difficult to start the diesel engine on this mixture : the engine has to be hot.

If you use water emulsions be careful not to let emulsion in the fuel system after stopping the engine. Demixion and contact with water in the high pressure system will damage your injection pump.

Yes I agree with you Sir.

What happens if we go beyond 30% (even in hot/running engine conditions) just for research purpose. I will take care of all above situations mentioned by you.

In fact I don't remember what happens above 30%. It was a long time ago. It was a direct injection engine for farm tractor.

You could try at 2500 rpm 1/2 full torque with pure diesel fuel. And you change . First 10%, and when engine is still hot, 20%, 30% and may be more.

Starting at 1/2 full torque (with 0%) you are able to rise the flow to maintain the same torque.

You have to follow how your engine behaves. If you are able to follow the pressure in the combustion chamber, you 'll see the rise of pressure later and later when the more and more water.

Best regards

The main objective of the injection of steam is the reduction of combustion temperature ie the reduction of NOx, and I think the injection of water for diesel limited to 5% by volume fraction fuel.

For EGR it is one of the NOx reduction methods and it is limited to 20% in order not to have much influence on the engine power.

I am very thankful for responding and sharing expert views. It will be very helpful.

Without necessity of fuel injection pumps exchange: in theory up to 30%, in practice up to 20%. Additional information you may find at DOI 10.1007/s00773-015-0303-8.

Best

Leszek

Water add to diesel fuel, I think that will tend to a negative effect on the engine longitivity due to corrosion problems.

you can test up to adding 10% of water diesel emulsion, along with mixing of surfactant which will reduce the surface tension between the two liquids.

Much more efficient and easier to add a small amount of hydrogen to diesel.

On this subject we have patent SU1452746 (A1) SHIP'S POWER PLANT, published 1989-01-23.

Only add the amount needed to guarantee energy efficiency and NOx reduction, which is normally less than 5%. You have to take into account that the fuel viscosity is notably increased whith water amount. In water in diesel emulsions is around 1 mPas per each 1% of water added.

Also the corrosion is increased with water content and the trend to phases separation. You have to deal with all fact and carefully select the water amount. The decision should be based on a previous study of the dispersed system and the combustion behavior.