The global call for net zero carbon footprint by 2050 has advocated for total transition initiatives from use of fossil fuels towards renewable sources of energy. However most developing countries strongly rely on use of fossil fuels as their source of energy at present. Moreover there are countries that possess such reserves in abundance and are subject to benefit from their exploitation and value addition. More researches are also in place focusing on carbon capture techniques across the oil value chain with the aim being of enhancing oil properties in the context of quality and environmental sustainability. Two major questions arise:

1. Is the total transition from fossil fuels to renewable primary sources of energy feasible by mid-century?

2. What happens to the abundant crude oil and coal reserves when the entire energy sector eventually forsake the use of fossil fuels?