I think my paper gives a good overview of the different research directions:
Emil Björnson, Luca Sanguinetti, Henk Wymeersch, Jakob Hoydis, Thomas L. Marzetta, “ Massive MIMO is a Reality – What is Next? Five Promising Research Directions for Antenna Arrays,” Digital Signal Processing, vol. 94, pp. 3-20, November 2019. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.07678
Beamforming is one of enabling 5G technology with others such as Millimeter-wave, small cell, and Massive MIMO. This technique uses to focuses the transmitted energy in a specific direction (increase energy to a specific user and reduce the interference elsewhere). In other words, instead of omnidirectional radiation, to the small beam which would focus the energy specifically to reach for a longer distance via Millimeter wave channel.
The RADAR, Imaging, and Smart Antenna are famous applications for beamforming techniques.
You might want to look at these latest papers on this area. I think they will be of help.
https://repository.kaust.edu.sa/bitstream/handle/10754/662203/08964330.pdf?sequence=1
Chapter Beamforming and Precoding Techniques
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