Translational medicine is the process of converting scientific discoveries from the laboratory (preclinical research) into real medical applications for patients (clinical practice). Preclinical studies—using cell cultures, animal models, and molecular tools—help establish safety, dosage, and potential mechanisms of action. Once these data are validated, promising interventions move into clinical trials, where their effectiveness and safety are tested in humans under strict regulatory and ethical guidelines.

This transition is often called the “bench-to-bedside” approach. Its success relies on robust preclinical models, biomarker development, and interdisciplinary collaboration to overcome challenges such as differences between animal and human biology. By bridging this gap, translational medicine accelerates the development of new drugs, diagnostics, and therapies that directly improve patient care.