This question is formulated inaccurately. Thermodynamics constitute a macroscopic, essentally statistical, approach, while nanoscale processes are obviously microscopic.

Therefore a statement of the form that thermodynamics processes influence anything at the nanoscale is conceptually directed in the wrong direction. The right way around is to say that energy transfer processes at the nanoscale give rise to heat transfer on the macroscopic thermodynamical level. Thermodynamics can only tell you in which direction the energy transfer should happen preferrably.

Non-equilibrium thermodynamic processes significantly influence energy exchange at the nanoscale by regulating the interchange of matter and energy when systems are pushed from equilibrium. Bigger systems often fit the equilibrium dynamics of thermodynamics, but the fluctuating, heterogeneous, and time-varying behaviors of nanoscale systems require un-equilibrium approaches to effectively convey energy transfer mechanisms (Seifert, 2012). In nanoscale dimensions, energy exchange mechanisms like heat conduction, electron transport, and molecular vibrations change significantly under non-equilibrium circumstances. For instance, sizeable alterations happen in thermal transport since Fourier’s law does not align when the scale approaches the phonon mean free path, and thus there are boundary scattering impacts and ballistic phonon transport (Chen, 2020).

This leads to reduced thermal conductivity and anisotropic heat flow, which is fundamental for creating nanoscale devices with effective thermal management functionality. Moreover, non-equilibrium mechanical processes play a vital role in driving forces with accommodative impacts: high-speed ordering of forces and controlled aggregation of non-equilibrium forces in nanoscale systems. Such valuable contrivances enable designers to create nanoscale devices that harvest and manage energy. Electron and exciton motion in non-equilibrium circumstances are equally affected by quantum tunneling, stochastic fluctuations, and coherence. In quantum dots and molecular junctions, charge carriers move under the effect of applied biases, resulting in energy conversion with different thermoelectric properties and high efficiencies. A sequencing frame is provided by stochastic thermodynamics for determining energy dissipation and entropy production in these fluctuating systems, connecting reversible macroscopic irreversibility with microscopic reversal (Seifert, 2012).

In summary, non-equilibrium thermodynamic processes in nanoscale dimensions thoroughly change energy exchange by incorporating size-dependent dynamic effects, quantum effects, and stochastic fluctuations, making it inevitable to apprehend these processes for technologies such as energy conversion and electronics.

References:

Chen, G. (2020). Nanoscale energy transport and conversion: A parallel treatment of electrons, molecules, phonons, and photons. Oxford University Press.

Seifert, U. (2012). Stochastic thermodynamics, fluctuation theorems, and molecular machines. Reports on Progress in Physics, 75(12), 126001.

Jürgen Weippert I sincerely appreciate your input in this regard. However, this research question is worded exactly how it should be worded. Thank you again for your input!

Joseph Ozigis Akomodi

No, this question is not "worded exactly how it should be worded". This is a classical begginers' error which chemists are trained not to make in the first or second year of their undergraduate studies: do not confuse levels of argumentation. You can explain macroscopic parameters by microscopic processes, the other direction is only possible in very selected cases and this question isn't one of them. I skimmed briefly through your second reference and Seifert actually seems to have done the job correctly.