The reason why some heavy metals like gold and platinum found in Earth's crust and mantle did not fully sink to the planet's core during its formation is due to several key factors:
1. Earth's Early Conditions and Differentiation
During Earth's formation, the planet was extremely hot, with a molten surface known as the magma ocean. Heavier elements like iron and siderophile (iron-loving) metals such as gold and platinum were expected to sink toward the core due to their density and affinity for iron.
While most of these metals did migrate to the core, some were trapped in the molten mantle or distributed unevenly due to dynamic processes within the magma ocean.
2. Late Heavy Bombardment
After Earth's crust solidified, a period known as the Late Heavy Bombardment occurred around 3.9 billion years ago. During this time, large asteroids and planetesimals struck Earth, delivering additional heavy metals to its surface and mantle.
These impacts brought siderophile elements that remained in the crust or upper mantle because they could no longer sink through the now-solidified layers of Earth.
3. Geophysical Dynamics
Research suggests that a transitional region in Earth's mantle, where the upper part was molten but the lower part remained solid, played a role in redistributing heavy metals. This dynamic mantle prevented some of these elements from sinking further into the core.
Additionally, large impacts during planetary formation may have created localized conditions that allowed some heavy metals to remain near the surface instead of migrating deeper.
4. Meteorite Contributions
Some precious metals found on Earth's surface today were delivered by meteorites after Earth's core had already formed. These late-arriving materials were deposited in the crust and mantle without being absorbed into the core.
In summary, while most of Earth's heavy metals did sink to its core during differentiation, processes like asteroid impacts, mantle dynamics, and late accretion events ensured that some remained accessible in the crust and mantle. This explains why we find these elements near Earth's surface today despite their high density and siderophile nature.
In addition to reasons presented by Raghad above; there are thermodynamic reasons that denser elements remain present throughout the lower and upper crust of the earth. As heavy elements were initially distributed by processes listed by Raghad above (and other processes) many heavy metal atoms became incorporated into mineral crystals, becoming a part of the mineral crystal structure or trapped within this crystal structure. Some crustal rocks are as much as several billion years old, with complete melting not having occurred since their formation; even for partially melted rocks the heavier metals, if distributed throughout mineral structures do not separate out due both to slow kinetics of diffusion (especially in solid rock; but also in magma melts) and also for entropic reasons; the free energy of the mineral (with the heavy metals) can be lower than the free energy of the host mineral plus heavy metals in separate phase. (this can also be true in magma phases of rocks). The presence of liquid water in the rock hosting the mineral, however, can change the chemical thermodynamics (and kinetics) such that thermodyamics favor dissolution of heavy metal atoms in the mineral and later precipitation (from aqueous solution) of a heavy metal phase.
There are too many assumptions coming from the same chat gpt. There are metals, for example, gold, which is found in its pure form, unrelated to anyone, but in the crust. How is that? There is no need to invent more than what is here and now.
Reply to post above (name in non-Roman characters)--see the last sentence of my reply above. Many or most heavy metal deposits such as gold deposits (including veins and nuggets of nearly pure gold) were formed by circulation of hot aqueous fluids (in permeable areas of crust such as highly fractured areas) that solubilized heavy metals (from minerals), and then typically transported them, often to cooler regions where the heavy metals then precipitated out of the aqeous solution, sometimes within a fracture zone resulting in veins rich in heavy metals such as gold, silver, etc. On time scales of tectonic processes, erosion of overlying rock may subsequently unbury these veins, subjecting the heavy metals in these veins to the water and atmosphere, with much of it being eroded and transported to lower elevations within sediments, which may subsequently become buried and later metamorphized such that some percentage of the heavy metal phase can again become incorporated into mineral crystals. Thus a large fraction of heavy metals are recycled again back from heavy metal deposit phase back into a minor constituent of rock structures and mineral crystals.
This is just one example of the many types of ways that elements have become distributed (and concentrated) within the earth's crust.
"were formed by circulation of hot aqueous fluids (in permeable areas of crust such as highly fractured areas)" And they became nuggets? at least try to do this in the laboratory, but it won't work. I repeat for the third time - you don't need to send me answers from the chatgpt , I've already stumped him and he agreed with a different structure of the planet.
Your reasoning is based on a misunderstanding of the process of planet formation. The initial false understanding of the formation of space and galaxies. E = ms ^ 2 Break it down into its components. You get that the energy is equal to the conditional density of matter by a 3-dimensional volume multiplied by a 2-dimensional plane and -square of time. A material particle is a product of 3-dimensional and 2-dimensional spaces.!!!
The Big Bang created these spaces. At the points where their propagation speeds did not coincide, singularities arose, each of which gave birth to its own galaxy.
In this singularity, super-dense matter was formed. It grew in volume and rotated. Rotation pulled it into an oval, from the ends of which pieces broke off in the form of protostars. This super-dense matter was divided into nuclei of ever smaller size. Hydrogen and Helium are not sources of stellar energy, but its garbage waste that floated to the surface of the star. Attached here is a program that simulates this process.
Такое утверждение читается как не всем дано это понять, только избранным.
"Материальная частица — это продукт трёхмерного и двумерного пространств.!!!" для меня это недоступно, предпочитаю реальность и настоящее время. Фантастики даже в официальной "науке" достаточно. С ней и борюсь. За спиной слышу зубной скрежет.
Такое утверждение читается как не всем дано это понять, только избранным.
"Материальная частица — это продукт трёхмерного и двумерного пространств.!!!" для меня это недоступно, предпочитаю реальность и настоящее время. Фантастики даже в официальной "науке" достаточно. С ней и борюсь. За спиной слышу зубной скрежет.
Someone who doesn't understand the multiplication table won't understand why 7*9=63 either. There's no point in showing off that you've lost scientific interest and are stuck in your pride.
Не понявший таблицу умножения тоже не поймет почему 7*9=63. Нехрен все показывать, что потерял научный интерес, и уперся в свою гордыню.
я честно признался что не понимаю, пытался, и гордыня не при чем. Попробуйте это "разжевать", может тогда понятней будет. Туже таблицу умножения можно, например, на яблоках объяснить.
Самое главное - надо забыть весь бред, что вещество расбрасывалось по вселенной, потом сгущалось впланетыи и звезды. Хрен Вам оно изначально рождалось в локальных сингулярностях сверхплотным. Вращением рождало звезды, которые аналогичным процессом рождало планеты.