With the application of photovoltaics, what are you most concerned about from the perspective of ecological environment development?(No matter which major you can answer)
The biggest problem with the development of photovoltaics, but also with the development of energy based on wind farms and other zero-emission energy sources, is the still low efficiency of the energy storage technology and imperfect disposal and recycling systems for waste generated from used batteries. The issue of energy storage is a key limitation in the development of renewable energy sources in a situation of instability, cyclicality and daily, seasonal and climatic variability of energy source factors, i.e. solar and wind energy. On the other hand, the need to improve the disposal and recycling systems of waste generated from used batteries is determined by maintaining high standards of environmental protection and reducing the level of emissions to the natural environment of various types of non-biodegradable pollutants, harmful and poisonous to living organisms. These are only currently technological limitations to the development of renewable and zero-emission energy sources. Apart from that, there are also many other limiting factors, such as political, structural, mental, citizens' awareness, financial, etc. restrictions, etc. I wrote more about this in my articles on my Research Gate profile.
From the perspective of ecological environment development? End-of-life disposal of batteries. Most common batteries used in PV systems have heavy metal parts which are persistent when discharged directly to the environment.
There are hazardous chemicals used to make photovoltaic (PV) cells and panels that must be carefully handled to avoid release to the environment. Some types of PV cell technologies use heavy metals, and these types of cells and PV panels may require special handling when they reach the end of their useful life. Some solar thermal systems use potentially hazardous fluids to transfer heat, and leaks of these materials could be harmful to the environment.....
Photovoltaic (PV) systems are regarded as clean and sustainable sources of energy. Although the operation of PV systems exhibits minimal pollution during their lifetime, the probable environmental impacts of such systems from manufacturing until disposal cannot be ignored. The production of hazardous contaminates, water resources pollution, and emissions of air pollutants during the manufacturing process as well as the impact of PV installations on land use are important environmental factors to consider.