I would be very interested to know what you think may be the biggest gaps or problems that has to be solved in human physiology so that stress as phenomenon would be less vague and better measurable. Any ideas welcome! Julie
The main problem is that the bulk of the stress that now destroys a person remains hidden and unmanageable. A person is a very complex organism and some processes can get out of control. There are different kinds of stresses that a person can identify. But there are also hidden stresses. These hidden stresses are destroying a person now. Based on some data, I assume that latent stresses take away about half of the quality of life from a person. Now this is one of the most important problems for a person, which a person may not know about. How often it happens that something bad happens, and why it happens is not clear. With a high degree of confidence, in this case, we can talk about the influence of latent stress. Unfortunately, people are now usually left in the dark about the nature of these stresses and how to manage them.
Stress is a vague metaphysical (mental) construct, not a concrete phenomena. The term is used to capture myriad socio-environmental contexts, and concomitant physiologic and psychological responses (e.g., cortisol, epinephrine, anxiety, HRV, etc.). Thus, for a number of reasons the term will always be vague and often conflated with worry and anxiety.
First, 'stress' does not exist outside its use as a construct; the wide variety of proxy markers assumed to be associated with it prevent it from being a concise, valid, and measurable scientific phenomena.
Second, (following Classical Measurement Theory) I argue that 'stress' per se cannot be measured because it is does not exhibit the requisite properties of a quantitative variable (i.e., it does not have both ordinal and additive structure).
Third, my work with HIV patients showed that there was no correlation between 'perceived stress' and any of the proxy markers we tested. Thus, the construct ( as we attempted to measure it) exhibited no predictive, no descriptive, nor explanatory value. In other words, (for us) it was meaningless.
Finally, for most of human history the 'stress' of surviving was orders of magnitude greater than the modern, industrialized world. For example, finding and consuming sufficient food and water were constant, dangerous struggles. Death was ever-present. Prehistoric plants were often poisonous and had too few calories to ensure survival, so early humans also killed and ate animals. But they were not always the predator; sometimes they were prey.
Thus, whenever our tree-dwelling ancestors climbed down to eat or drink, they could be eaten—or worse, partially consumed and left to die while waiting for the scavengers to finish the ‘leftovers’.
Therefore, humans (like most animals) evolved under the ubiquitous threats of death via starvation, dehydration, and predation. I doubt the most crime-ridden city in the world can compare with the environs in which our species evolved.
Given these truths and because 'stress' is not a measurable, scientific construct, its use will always be prone to bias, meaninglessness, and miscommunication.