Q1: Changing 1/3 of the Earth's land area to have an albedo of zero would lead to an increase in the rate at which heat is absorbed by the Earth.

Presently the Earth has an albedo of 0.3 (nods to Vangelis).

You're proposed change would yield an overall albedo of;

0.2*2/3 + (0.5*2/9 + 0*1/9) = 0.24

We can estimate the equilibrium temperature for a planet, knowing its emissivity and albedo.

This would lead to a rise in the average temperature of around 6 to 7 Kelvin.

Humanity would be sorely tested by this change.

Q2: Which energy is safe for humans, solar, wind or oil energy.

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All are, to varying degrees, and over different timescales 'safe' - although the finite nature of oil reserves, compared to sun-powered (wind, hydro, photovoltaic) methods makes it a poor contender for longevity.

Don't forget nuclear - a very reliable base load modality.