Interestingly, Chinese and Japanese are also - in my experience - easy to learn ... the crux of the matter is what you include in the term 'learn.' Chinese has a syntactic structure very similar to English - making it easy to 'speak.' Japanese has a very logical, but loose syntactic structure - allowing for fairly original utterances. Japanese also has a rich vocabulary which allows for reference to complex ideas in somewhat simple terms. And lastly, Japanese uses what is called 'gairaigo,' which is 'imported language,' meaning that if you put English (or some other well-known language or term) into the Japanese phonetic pattern, it can readily be understood. The problem with both languages is, of course, the fact that they use kanji characters in the written system - a means of writing that includes no indication of pronunciation. When it comes to 'reading' in Chinese or Japanese, you either know it or you don't - there is no middle ground.
In my view the difficulty of learning French pronunciation for speakers of English should not be underestimated. More importantly, the ability of speakers of English to understand spoken French is even more challenging.
The grammar of Romance languages is in my view, being a linguist and having Swedish as mother tongue and having learnt several Romance languages, more difficult to learn for speakers of Germanic languages in general, and of English in particular, than the grammar of English. Romance languages has for example a much more complicated tense and mood system and grammatical gender system than English.
Its difficult to pinpoint that a single language is the easiest but various studies suggest that Spanish is often considered one of the most accessible languages for English speakers to (Barrera, 2013; Munoz,2011).One reason Spanish is considered relatively easy to learn is its phonetic consistency. Spanish words are generally pronounced as they are written, making it easier for learners to recognize and remember vocabulary (Gomez, 2015).
Additionally, Spanish grammar rules are relatively straight forward, with a simple verb conjunction system and a consistent sentence structure (Butt and Benjamin, 2011).
Another factor that contributes to Spanish being an easy language to learn is its cultural and linguistic proximity to English. Many Spanish words are cognates, meaning they are similar to English words due to shared Latin roots (Hinkle, 2011). This means that English speakers can often guess the meaning of Spanish words, making vocabulary acquisition easier.
Furthermore, Spanish is a widely spoken language with many resources available for learners. There are numerous available language learning programs, apps, and online courses that cater for different learning styles and levels (Lafford, 2013).Additionally, Spanish-language media, such as TV shows and movies, are widely available, providing learners with opportunities to practice their listening and comprehension skills.
in conclusion, while its difficult to identify a single easiest language to learn, Spanish is often considered a relatively accessible language for English speakers. Its phonetic consistency, straightforward proximity to English, and abundance of learning resources make it an attractive choice for language learners.
It is pointless to try to decide which is the easiest language of the world, but in my opinion it is also pointless to say that Spanish is one of the most accessible languages for people having English as mother tongue without saying which other languages Spanish is compared to.
As for English and Spanish, consider the following sentences:
1. Yesterday he went to town. - Ayer él fue al pueblo.
2. Usually he went to town in the evening. - Normalmente él iba al pueblo por la tarde.
All the English words are of Germanic origin (with the exception of 'usually'), and all the Spanish words are of Latin origin.
The aspect difference (fue vs iba) between 1. and 2. is most probably a major difficulty for English learners of Spanish.
All the words in 1. and 2. seems to belong to the central vocabulary of the two languages. Quantitative data, lexical as well as grammatical, is needed to predict anything about the relative difficulty of English speakers to learn Spanish.
The easiest language in the world to learn is simple: it's your own language. If you are regularly exposed to more than one language then your own language may be a mixture of more than one language; but then, (almost) everyone begins with a subset of one or more official languages which has been passed on to them by their caregivers. It is fair to say that nobody ever fully learns a language; we all acquire an idiolect, or personal language, which happens to have sufficient similarities to some other people's idiolects to allow productive communication. Your idiolect can be as easy or as complex as you want it to be, as long as you remember that it is a tool for communication and not a Good Thing or a Bad Thing or a Universal Thing or an Easy Thing or a Hard Thing. An official language is a mythical beast, no less or more a language than Klingon or Sindarin Elvish.