Methylene blue is widely used as powerful photosensitizer in PDT and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. In the other hand, methylene blue is commonly used for DNA staining and sometimes it shows dark cytotoxicity/genotoxicity.
How can a DNA binder with potential toxicity deal with such selective photodynamic modalities??
All drugs have a therapeutic margin, the dose window within which the therapeutic benefit outweighs the undesirable side effects. With photodynamic therapy, the idea is to localize photoactivation of the drug to the affected part of the body, reducing the danger to unaffected parts. In addition, enhanced permeability and retention of the drug in tumors or sites of infection may occur, such that the dose can be lowered without reducing efficacy, further increasing the therapeutic margin.
Thanks Mr. Shapiro for your answer. So mainly it depends to methylene blue dosimetry.
You can take an idea about the relative toxicity in https://www.drugs.com/monograph/methylene-blue.html.
However, I'm not sure about their real toxicity, actually are used as cell stainer nevertheless these cells are heat fixed, and are dead previous to staining.
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