normally surface modification of cellulose leads to the reduction in crystallinity index. but in one modification , i got higher crystallinity index. so i couldn't give an interpretation for this result. can you help me?
I know you probably don't want to share too much of unpublished information to avoid it getting stolen, but I think we need a bit more details than that.
Since you didn't specify: is the increase with this particular treatment systematic or has it occured once?
Ya.. its my unpublished work. there is a steep increase in the intensity at 22.5 degree and the crystallinity index calculated also higher than the unmodified cellulose.
The method of surface modification is important - if this is an oxidizer such as TEMPO, than you are likely seeing a reduction in the amorphous regions of the nano-cellulose. Have you also examined whether you had a change in nanofiber dimensions (AFM/TEM)?
XRD can also be sensitive to environmental conditions and how your sample is prepared. When producing films, it is important to dry at less than 50 C. What method are you using to determine crystallinity? Segal? Are you leveling the data? I use a software called Fityk (https://fityk.nieto.pl/) that works quite well for processing XRD data.