Dear researchers

The modeling of P-Delta for the structural elements (specially columns) reduce the stiffness of the structure and consequently increase the period of vibration. Now, these changes are negligible when the structure and P-Delta effects are modeled in OpenSees software. Instead, the mentioned changes are more noticeable when modeling is perform in the softwares such as Etabs and Sap2000.

How to apply P-Delta effects is the reason for difference changes due to P-Delta modeling in different softwares.

Now with all these interpretations, what is the most accurate method for modeling P-Delta effects? In other words, In which software are stiffness changes calculated more correctly due to modeling of P-Delta effects?

As you know, In Etabs and Sap2000 software, P-delta effects are applied to the structure by defining a gravity load combination, while this procedure is performed in OpenSees using geometric transformation (second-order P-Delta effects) and its effects on stiffness matrix.

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