Cells in a stem cell line keep growing but don't differentiate into specialized cells, why this is happen any specific reason behind it?
Hello Sonal Gaur
Stem cell line keep growing but don't differentiate into specialized cells unless and until signals from the environment such as chemicals, extracellular proteins/hormones/factors, neighboring cells, the physical environment converge on the cell, typically activating a signaling cascade leading to gene expression.
Under the right conditions either in the body or in a laboratory, stem cells divide to form more cells called daughter cells. These daughter cells become either new stem cells or specialized cells (differentiation), after receiving signals from the environment with a more specific function, such as blood cells, brain cells, heart muscle cells or bone cells.
A stem cell line is a group of cells that all descend from a single original stem cell and are grown in a lab. Cells in a stem cell line keep growing but don't differentiate into specialized cells. But theses cells can be made to differentiate by providing specific factors such as growth factors and cytokines.
The decision made by a stem cell to commit to a particular program is highly context dependent and requires multiple targets in different pathways to be simultaneously perturbed to generate a cellular response switching between growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.
Stem cell differentiation involves the changing of a cell to a more specialized cell type, involving a switch from proliferation to specialization. This involves a succession of alterations in cell morphology, membrane potential, metabolic activity and responsiveness to certain signals. Differentiation leads to the commitment of a cell to developmental lineages and the acquisition of specific functions of committed cells. Stem cell differentiation is tightly regulated by signaling pathways and modifications in gene expression.
Best.
More information such as what tissue the stem cells came from, what cell type(s) you are attempting to differentiate into and if the cells are from human, the patient information (age, sex, diabetic/non-diabetic, etc.) would be helpful.
But a few reasons why the stem cells do not differentiate are:
1. The passage number of the cells is too high which can result in a loss of differentiation potential.
2. The differentiation cocktail is not optimal to induce differentiation of the cells.
3. The patient/animal has a disease that could affect differentiation.
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