Urban renewal in old, unplanned city centers requires a comprehensive spatial analysis to identify key challenges and opportunities. Essential components include preserving historical and cultural heritage, improving infrastructure, optimizing land use, and enhancing accessibility. Engaging stakeholders, integrating modern technologies like GIS, and adopting sustainable practices ensure a balanced approach to revitalization while respecting the city's character.

For decades, the importance given to the urban renewal of old cities has continued. This action was reinforced by the expansion and strengthening of the tourism sector. Categories of tourists are interested in the historical heritage of the countries visited, therefore countries that have relied on the tourism sector to ensure the economic development of their territory continue to give pride of place to this sector in development policies. Tunisia, a country in northern Africa, has some of the most visited tourist destinations in the world thanks to its tangible and intangible heritage. At the same time, it has created institutions for the safeguarding of historical sites and the preservation of cultural habits (crafts, arts, cuisines, etc.)

Late last century Wheaton and his co-authors have built some urban economic models to analyze and simulate urban redevelopment, especially its relationship with spatial structure. I think that strand of literature is worth looking into for this topic.

Keep and curate the buildings facade as close as the original design and we can alternate the function inside. But sadly some church in Europe ( Dutch ) extremly change to Restaurant.

Urban renewal in old, unplanned city centers requires a comprehensive strategy that integrates urbanistic, economic, and social dimensions while prioritizing the preservation of historical and cultural heritage. From an urban design perspective, efforts must upgrade infrastructure, encourage mixed-use development, and maintain a strong sense of cultural identity. Rather than demolishing heritage structures, converting them into community centers, markets, or creative studios ensures that historical significance is retained. Stringent guidelines for restoration and maintenance, alongside educational measures such as signage, tours, or digital archives, help foster public appreciation. Supporting small-scale, local art and craft businesses further preserves cultural traditions, keeping the area’s character alive and vibrant.

Economically, the viability of renewal often hinges on securing adequate funding and investment. Public-private partnerships, tax incentives, and adaptive reuse strategies can attract businesses and stimulate tourism, generating revenue that can be reinvested into additional improvements. Creating pedestrian-friendly streets, green spaces, and efficient public transportation increases accessibility and appeals to both residents and visitors. These measures, in turn, spark greater commercial activity and growth, forming a self-sustaining cycle of development.

Socially, it is crucial to ensure that existing residents benefit from improvements rather than being displaced by rising costs or gentrification. Policies supporting affordable housing and community engagement maintain social cohesion and local identity. Inclusive revitalization efforts reinforce the city’s character while offering modern amenities, ultimately fostering thriving neighbourhoods that honour their past and welcome a sustainable future.