What is the most suitable solid state reference electrode to use in a high temperature/high pressure CO2 saturated saline solution to perform electrochemical measurements on carbon steel?
I would think you could use silver: silver chloride wire. Given your saline solution is saturated you may be able to get away without the porous glass junction you would normally use. Just modify a silver wire by a quick electrolysis in HCl. You would be wise to confirm the potential of the reference electrode before your measurement in the same pressure setup using, for example, potassium ferrocyanaide as a standard. Do a few runs first silver wires sometimes at take sometime to stabilise.
2- for less accuracy but higher usability you can use a Hastelloy C276 stainless steel bar as both the counter and the reference electrode . The value of the Ecorr will not be standard, but the corrosion rate will be correct and relatively reproducible