Logically, every compound gets degraded. C18 chain in silica cartridge may get slowly degrade. There is no practical approach to support this, but when we used our new HPLC column after long storage we found a difference in performance which suggests C18 chain in column packing material may got altered on storage. This may be due to the interaction of C18 chain with active silica.
Conflict of interest notice: I work for Teledyne Isco, which manufactures C18 flash columns. However, the information below will apply to the manufacturer of any C18 column or cartridge (both terms are used for the same product for flash chromatography). The information applies to SPE cartridges as well.
The columns are packed dry, and do not degrade over time. The column bodies do not degrade either. I have some C18 columns ~7 years old which still run well.
Your cartridges will run as well as the day they were manufactured.