Hi, sorry I'm stumped. I'm going to do a study on the leadership styles (using the MLQ Form 5X) of minority women administrators in medical schools.
How will I calculate the sample size?
Thank you!!
Laura
You may have a look here:
https://sites.stat.washington.edu/NRCSE/research/struts/chapter2.pdf
Why are you only interested in one direction of difference? A one tailed test says, essentially, that a difference in the opposite direction is ignorable, or is not a real difference at all.
If you have prior grounds for believing that the difference exists in one direction, then a Bayesian approach allows you to incorporate this prior knowledge into your analysis. If this is an intervention, then your prior could be nontrivial – that the change brought about by the intervention was larger than a difference that might be statistically significant but which would be too small to justify the cost of the intervention.
Tell us more!
Well It's her research question so I suppose she can test what she wants. Lets not forget in the 1950's many psychologists argued that ALL tests should two tailed.
Here are some cites: https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d&ei=bSgXYKGRDsrv5gKU2qOgBg&q=Only+use+2-tailed+tests+psychology+journals+history&oq=Only+use+2-tailed+tests+psychology+journals+history&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAzoHCAAQRxCwA1C05gNYjIwEYO-hBGgBcAJ4AIAByQGIAZgIkgEFMC43LjGYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6yAEIwAEB&sclient=psy-ab&ved=0ahUKEwjh-_LklcfuAhXKt1kKHRTtCGQQ4dUDCAw&uact=5
and
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-_and_two-tailed_tests
and
In order to show this thinking is still around:
https://www.theanalysisfactor.com/one-tailed-and-two-tailed-tests/
or
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d&ei=-ysXYOTWAcmu5wK0pbLQAg&q=american+psychological+association+articles+Two+tailed+tests&oq=american+psychological+association+articles+Two+tailed+tests&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAzoHCAAQRxCwAzoGCAAQFhAeOgUIABDNAlDBJliEggFgyocBaAFwAngAgAGNAYgB1w6SAQQwLjE3mAEAoAEBqgEHZ3dzLXdpesgBCMABAQ&sclient=psy-ab&ved=0ahUKEwikwNyWmcfuAhVJ11kKHbSSDCoQ4dUDCAw&uact=5
And in summary:
http://www.ericlwalters.org/Lombardi_Hurlbert2009.pdf BTW,
it was once easy to find examples in physical libraries but online libraries don't have so much old stuff. Best wishes to all, David Booth
David Eugene Booth 's final reference is a charming and perceptive review. I loved the authors' statement that Unaware of the depth of this tar pit, we undertook to prepare a short note on it.
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