Does Proteus mirabillis capsule have any role in urinary stone formation? if yes please what is the mechanism?
he most common infection involving Proteus mirabilis occurs when the bacteria moves to the urethra and urinary bladder. Although Proteus mirabilis mostly known to cause urinary tract infections, the majority of urinary tract infections are due to E. coli. One-hundred thousand cfus per milliliter in the urine are usually indicative of a urinary tract infection. Urinary tract infections caused by P. mirabilis occur usually in patients under long-term catherization. The bacteria have been found to move and create encrustations on the urinary catheters. The encrustations cause the catheter to block.
Symptoms for urethritis are mild including frequency of urination and pyuria (presence of white blob cells in the urine). Cystitis (bladder infection) symptoms are easier to distinguish and include back pain, concentrated appearance, urgency, hematuria (presence of red blood cells in the urine), and suprapubic pain as well as increased frequency of urination and pyuria.
Pyelonephritis (kidney infection) can occur when the bacteria migrates from the lower urinary tract. Although it is seen as a furtherance of infections,The flagellum of P. mirabilis is crucial to its motility, a characteristic that helps the organism colonize. The flagellum has also been linked to the ability of P. mirabilis to form biofilms, aiding in the bacteria’s resistance to defenses of the host and select antibiotics. P. mirabilis also relies on its pili for adhesion to avoid being flushed out of the urinary tract system.
Important to Proteus mirabilis is urease, responsible for raising the pH and consequently making it easier to thrive. Increased pH allows stone formation to take place. On occasion the stones fill the entire renal pelvis.
http://www.mdedge.com/clinicianreviews/article/88458/mens-health/proteus-mirabilis-isolating-cause-kidney-stones
Proteus mirabilis is part of the normal flora of the human gastrointestinal tract. It can also be found free living in water and soil. When this organism, however, enters the urinary tract, wounds, or the lungs it can become pathogenic. Proteus mirabilis commonly causes urinary tract infections and the formation of stones.
Thanks, but I mean role of Proteus mirabillis capsule in stone formation. Does any researchers have related papers?
http://www.mdedge.com/clinicianreviews/article/88458/mens-health/proteus-mirabilis-isolating-cause-kidney-stones
Please take a look at this link.
http://www.actabp.pl/pdf/1_2015/2014_882.pdf
PI look at this link
Article Pathogenesis of Proteus mirabilis Infection
P. mirabilis urease acts by hydrolyzing urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. The resulting ammonia is the preferred nitrogen source for many species of bacteria, and may be assimilated into biomolecules via glutamine synthetase (GlnA) or glutamate dehydrogenase (GdhA). A direct result of urease activity and ammonia generation is an increase in local pH. In the urinary tract alkaline pH leads to precipitation of calcium and magnesium ions and the formation of urinary stones composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and calcium phosphate (apatite). Please have a look at the following link: Article Proteus mirabilis and Urinary Tract Infections
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