The best research projects are those based on collaborative teams because they work to improve the global ranking of universities according to international standards, encourage scientific research at the university, develop its quality and type, and upgrade its level, strengthen cultural and cognitive communication ties between different universities regionally and internationally, and contribute to transferring the expertise and experiences of researchers from university affiliates to international institutions and circles. - Encouraging faculty members to produce knowledge, which contributes to enhancing the university's position locally and internationally

Thank you for your response. University-based research projects are well-structured, fostering collaboration and maintaining international standards. However, affiliation alone does not guarantee the best outcomes.

Independent research, though unaffiliated, is a common practice and can also meet global standards. Both approaches must uphold academic rigor to ensure quality results. While independent projects lack university funding and institutional backing, they offer intellectual autonomy, creative freedom, and self-direction.