I found the best definitions of 3 concepts in InfoSense, a book by noted mathematician Keith Devlin. In short: data=code, information=message and knowledge=action. He provides an example to demonstrate this: grey clouds=code, message=it will rain, action=bring an umbrella

Look at some of these references and their citations:

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=students+transfer+of+information+to+knowledge

To recognize data as data requires knowledge. I suppose that such a pyramid you mentioned could support simplifications.

From Advance Research Taught that:

knowledge is sticky which mean:

you absorb all information and transform it into knowledge

and you absorb it from fast learning and working experiences

and its one of the power resources for human being

Hi!

Good question! Especially when also machines can gather and process information - but can the result be called knowledge?

However, both terms; information and knowledge. suffer in ordinary language from advanced vagueness and ambiguity.

First we must decide for a good definition of information, look here for help https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/information/. Then, also in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, look up Analysis of knowledge https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/knowledge-analysis/ and decide for a meaning for knowledge there. Then try to formulate the relationship. Truly complex, but also very important. This is epistemology.

The Philosopher of Information Luciano Floridi writes (for compressing his big 2011 work "Philosophy of Information" in his next book "Ethics of Information" (2013), p. XIV:

"Semantic information is well-formed, meaningful and truthful data; knowledge is semantic information properly accounted for; humans are the only known semantic engines and conscious informational organisms who can design and understand semantic artefacts and thus develop a growing knowledge o reality; and reality is the totality of information (notice the crucial abscence of 'semantic')."

This answer perhaps looks complex and ambitious, but in these kind of matters about our very most fundamenta concepts, we must be as clear with definitions as we can. Otherwise our conclusions will be trendy rubbish, I'm afraid.

To me, Knowledge is a wider scope than information as it entails continuity of one's growth. It contains information and skills that require more and more training and learning while information contains facts about something. Knowledge,in fact, blends information with one's analytical potentials and experiences

Knowledge would seem to be about capturing and interacting with [semi-pedagogical view?] information, with an eye to what is accepted as (good/true) information by a given population. On Academia.edu, David Rosenthal of Graduate Center, CUNY--a philosopher/linguist/cognitivist bookmarks and writes many papers that might help with this.

The move from information to knowledge necessitates interaction (value adding mechanism), one example is Brainstorming process as an adding value mechanism. This relationship (the interaction) leads to sharing in all its different forms as a function of objectives set.

Obviously many different approaches are posible. Let me share just one with you: Things happen in the Real World, these are facts, DATA (from Latin Datum-data, what is given to us). We (thinking subjects) experience the facts and get KNOWLEDGE of the Real World. Then, we (thinking subjects) send our knowledge to a Symbolic World, INFORMATION (from Latin Informare, give shape) to allow others to know facts about the Real World without the need of experiencing them. From this approach INFORMATION IS OTHER PEOPLE'S KNOWLEDGE (notice the problem with falsehood where the symbolic world doesn't say the truth about the Real World). You can get some articles related in my web:

http://www.joanbaiget.com/knowledge-management/#articles

like " Data, Knowledge, Information…in this sequence"

or " Knowledge Scenarios"

Some of them are in Spanish but with explanatory drawings.

Best Regards. Joan

Try anything describing Reflective Knowledge, and the ways of Reflective learning...I know it is not a scientific book but I recommend - ' BILDUNG' author is Dietrich Schwanitz ( Copyright - Eichborn AG, Frankfurt am Main, 1999), I believe there should be an English translation, if there is none, then from the chapter on reflective knowledge, I suggest searching through papers or books from Konrad Lorenz, it is about behaviorism, then Heinz von Foerster about self -organization, Howard Gardner about intelligence( basic human), and Douglas Hofstadter, who wrote about self- reference . In my opinion, and I have tried it with my students in ERASMUS program, if you consider auto, or self reference as a tool of transforming information into actual knowledge, then it could be used as a "mirror" for the knowledge pyramid.

Information and knowledge are in a cyclic circle. Without information there will be no knowledge and without knowledge there will be no information. Which one comes first is a hard nut to crack. Knowledge, to me, comes before information. Try your best to come up with something new if you can because many researches these days are reinventing the wheel. There is nothing new under the heavens.

The Relationship between Information and Knowledge by Dick Stenmark

article available at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8c8d/c68dd0854bba591847a74f2935d94efe5d5b.pdf

Information and KM and their interrelationship.......

http://www.armyacademy.ro/buletin/bul1_2014/IUGA.pdf

Hi,

When a student works in the library he is actually transforms information into knowledge, because the library, by classifying and cataloging and storing material has already transformed information into knowledge, so that the students could come, use the material, absorb and embed the information that becomes his personal knowledge.

The relation between information and knowledge is reflected, to a large extent, in the library work, that is, converting information into knowledge, and storing it for further use.

I found the best definitions of 3 concepts in InfoSense, a book by noted mathematician Keith Devlin. In short: data=code, information=message and knowledge=action. He provides an example to demonstrate this: grey clouds=code, message=it will rain, action=bring an umbrella

This link is very useful

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/8c8d/c68dd0854bba591847a74f2935d94efe5d5b.pdf

regards

Davenport et al. (1998) says that knowledge is information combined with experience, context, interpretation and reflection.

I would recommend the following works as a starting point:

Davenport, T. H., De Long, D. W., & Beers, M. C. (1998). Building successful knowledge management projects. MIT Sloan Management, 39(2).

Davenport, T. H., & Prusak, L. (1998). Working knowledge: How organizations manage what they know. Harvard Business Press.

Nonaka, I. (2000). A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. In Knowledge, groupware and the internet (pp. 3-42).

(there are many other articles and books by Nonaka that explain in details what is knowledge and knowledge creation process)

Kind regards.

information is objective, knowledge on the other hand is subjective.

Hi Jaro Pichel ,in a research we have done we talk about capacity and capacity is a function of knowledge, culture and structure (enabling environment). Just check, see whether you can use it: Article Capacities, Development and Responsible Innovation

C1=f(K.C2.S)

C= capacity

K=knowledge=f(information+experience+skills+algorithm)

C2=culture=f(value+attitude+belief)

S=structure/enabling environment=f(rules/regulations/laws)