Phage-display is done using a Triton X-100 cell extract to select our clones. Nanobodies are then produced in the periplasm of E. coli, extracted using B-Per and purified using NiNTA beads exploiting the His-tag of the nanobody. These nanobodies work in IFAs. However, if these nanobodies are no eluted from the beads, but then allowed to bind to proteins of a Triton X-100 cell extract and target proteins eluted with glycine, no specific target can be identified. Can anybody spot any problems with the procedure?