How long time does postdoctoral study normally take?
As I know, in USA, it takes about 3-4 years. while in some institutes, such as in Max-Planck, it can only take 1 or 2 year. Why are there all of these differences in time? What do you think?
I wouldn´t say that there a universally accepted time limit for postdoctoral research or contracts. At least in Europe, in some institutions or national programmes, there is a split between junior and senior postdoc, being the second one available for those who finished their PhD ten years or more ago.
I agree with Rubén , there are two types of postdocral study: for juniors and seniors. The first type takes longer time, while the second type takes shorter time.